No Smoking Bans In Colleges Essay - 1078 Words

No Smoking Bans at College Smoking bans have become a new trend in colleges and universities. The effort is to making changes in the attitude and behavior of students to consider this habit as risky for a smoker, as well as the people around them and other environmental factors. Knowing the fact a growing concern is observed as harmful effects of second hand smoking are larger than that of first hand smoking. A smoke free campus policy will be a mere step in changing the trend of smoking and maintaining a healthy environment. A smoking ban can be a great deal of help in reducing the rate of smokers around campus and on the longer run will discourage smokers to even continue smoking elsewhere. Cigarettes contain more than 4000 chemical†¦show more content†¦Passive smoking takes place as the ‘side-stream’ smoke coming off a cigarette is far dangerous than the smoke inhaled by the smoker. Passive smoking can cause respiratory infections and can lead to a 70-80% increase in the risk of coronary heart disease (Vardavas and Panagiotakos 328). Active and passive smoking are dangerous for the smoker as well as the people around him. â€Å"Everyone benefits when the air is cleared of secondhand smoke—even smokers, some of whom will quit or at least cut back† (â€Å"Save Lives† 4). Everybody knows smoking causes air pollution, but its effect is not limited here. Cigarette butts when left over on the land, takes at least 25 years to decompose. The cigarette butts that flow down the river pollutes the water and sea creatures are affected. Smoking ban is a part of being sustainable and is not just about reducing our carbon footprint. It remains a sustainable lifestyle, and smoking is not sustainable. Students who smoke need more support and education to deal with the smoking addiction. Therefore, institutions should design and implement cessation programs to control excessive smoke in colleges and universities causing an increase in solid waste as well as damage to their health and time. According to T.E. Novotny and his co-authors, â€Å"discarded cigarette butts are a form of non-biodegradable litter. When the cigarette butts are carried asShow MoreRelatedReduce And Eventually Ban Smoking On College Campus1749 Words   |  7 Pages Reduce and Eventually ban smoking on College Campus Aly Joseph HEAL 6600 Health Behavior December 8th, 2015 Scope of the Problem Year after year, Unites States citizens are suffering a great deal due to cigarette smoke. Smoking leads the way in preventable deaths killing up to 440,000 people annually and it costs this country an estimated $157 billion dollars in annual economic medical expenses (CDC, 2014). Up to 500 million people are estimated to be killed from just this habitRead MoreThe Impact of Smoking Bans875 Words   |  3 PagesThe Impact of Smoking Bans Few issues over the use of public and commercial space ignite more impassioned disagreement than that over indoor smoking bans. With evidence of the dangers of second-hand smoking having achieved a state of being incontrovertible, lawmakers, lobby groups and public health advocacy groups have taken steps to diminish the exposure to second-hand smoke experienced by individuals on the whole. While the benefits of a smoking ban in bars, restaurants, clubs and other suchRead MoreSmoking Should be Banned in Public Places Essays1464 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warning on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that sm oking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancerRead MoreEssay about Designated Smoking Areas Needed for College Campus1209 Words   |  5 PagesCollege campus’s are in need of an area for those who smoke to do so in a safe environment. Right now the only place for us to go is the unsafe streets surrounding the campus. Although smokers choose an unsafe habit, it is their right to do so in a safe area. It is the college’s duty to provide this safe place. It is estimated that 28.5 % of college students are smokers (uri.edu). There has been an increase in colleges and other corporations to have smoking bans, it is their belief that facultyRead MoreSmoking On College Campuses Should Be Banned1675 Words   |  7 PagesSmoking, as one knows it, has become a stress-reliever worldwide. One will find a smoker pulling out a cigarette and lighting it up around every corner. Smoking has especially become a growing problem in college campuses. When a college student enters the college campus, they do not only enter a new campus, a new life is also entered. In this new experience, one will find themselves exploring new things. The power of the eye is remarkable in today’s society. When someone has a friend that is doingRead MoreCoffee and Cigarettes: Second-Hand Smoke and Smoke Free Law Summary and Questions855 Words   |  4 Pagesover espresso drinks prepared by an expert barista. The shops name is called â€Å"Espressivo† that attracted many young people, especially the college students at the nearby campus, and older clients who came before and/ or after work to either start their day or end it during the week. Keeping with the tradition of a European espresso bar, Joshua allowed smoking inside the bar and the patio that surrounded the open air layout of the corner location, because he wanted his customers to feel comfortableRead MoreThe Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On The Environment920 Words   |  4 PagesCigarette smoking has affected the environment negatively, as well (Novotny). Discarded cigarette butts can be seen off the streets, sidewalks, beaches, or other open areas (Novotny). Even though a single discarded cigarette filter has minimal impact on the environment, United States had manufactured 1.35 trillion of filtered cigarettes in 2007 and 360 billion of them were consumed (Novotny). According to Ocean Conservancy’s International Coastal Cleanup, these wastes are the most littered an d collectedRead MoreSmoking on College Campuses1260 Words   |  6 PagesThe days of smoking on college campuses is coming to an end! (Daneman) The Department of Health and Human Services made an announcement, backed by the White house, to act on getting colleges everywhere to enforce a tobacco free campus! (Daneman) Smoking is a choice made amongst an individual and falls within the first amendment in the constitution along with eight more! So how can we legally ban smoking from a whole college campus? In the end, the individual is going to do what he/she pleases ifRead MoreA Campus Wide No Smoking Policy1066 Words   |  5 Pagesmaintain an environment for success. Drexel must implement a campus wide no-smoking policy. Those with asthma, or other respiratory issues, are being exposed to health issues that second-hand smoke can create. The odor and sight of cigarette smoke can hinder the serenity of an outdoor study area, thereby making it a distraction for those looking for a p lace to be productive. In an environment designed for learning, smoking can be self-destructive. Our group proposes the complete elimination of tobaccoRead MoreSmoking Ban Persuasive Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesINFORMATION For several decades, smoking remains one of the most common and most unhealthy of human habits. Smoking, specifically in public, had generally been regarded as a personal choice that bystanders had little control over. Now for the first time, the act of public smoking is becoming regulated, even restricted in many cities worldwide. The city of Columbia has recently implemented a ban on smoking in efforts to reduce the negative effects of smoking on employees and customers of restaurants

Analysis Of Odysseus Journey Odyssey - 1149 Words

Throughout Odysseus’ journey, he encountered many women. Some of these women presented challenges that put Odysseus to the test. A sorceress tried to turn him into a guinea pig. A seven-headed sea monster tried to devour his crew. Although a few women posed challenges, that strength and wit could not help him overcome. It was women like Calypso, Athena, and Penelope, who had a lasting affect on him and his journey because they put his mental strengths to the test, not his physical strengths. At the end of the Trojan War, Odysseus and his men achieved a well fought victory, but neglected to show the Gods the proper respect afterwards. This angered the gods and as a punishment, Odysseus had to undergo a gruesome journey to get back home. After the remaining members of Odysseus’ crew were killed by Zeus’ bolt of lightning, Odysseus began to drift aimlessly in the ocean. Eventually, Odysseus washed up on an island and was rescued by a goddess. The goddess tended to his needs and nursed him back to health. Odysseus eventually learned that the goddess’ name was Calypso. Calypso was a banished goddess, whose punishment was to be confined to the island for eternity. Another part of her punishment was that she was destined to fall in love with every man who washed up on her island, even though they could never love her back. Everyday that Odysseus was on Calypso’s island his loyalty to his family was tested by Calypso, yet he remained faithful to them. He spent hoursShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey By Homer, Annotated Bibliography Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pageshe Odyssey, as written by Homer, intricately and excitingly weaves Colin Renfrew’s Subsystem Theories throughout the entire play. Many of the five subsystem theories can be seen and support understanding of the novel. Of the five systems, trade/communication, social/ political hierarchy and symbolic subsystems will be the focus of analysis in this paper. All of these subsy stems come together in The Odyssey to explain the characters and their lives, and also how they fit into the society which theyRead MoreOdyssey Cause and Effect801 Words   |  4 PagesWriter- I am a college student and a high school senior who has studied the odyssey many times. This example stood out to me when I thought of cause and effect topics. Audience- Anyone who has a general knowledge of the story of the The Odyssey and will understand the essay topic and relate, or is interested in cause and effect analysis. Topic- I will be writing about how Odysseus’s actions in The Odyssey caused many unfortunate events to unfold because of a decision he made. Read MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Heroes 1270 Words   |  6 PagesLuck of the Hero (An analysis of epic heroes) Often when reading literature, the reader can’t help but think that no character could have such qualities as they are portrayed in the story. A classic example of this are the epic heroes that help facilitate the history of important cultures. The epic is a long piece of poetry describing a hero’s journey to a better self and complete a mission. These heroes are often extremely brave and smart, which can leave the audience doubting any historical accuracyRead MoreAn Analysis of Loyalty in Homer’s Odyssey1555 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Loyalty in Homer’s Odyssey In short, The Odyssey is a story of the war hero Odysseus’ pain and suffering caused by the extensive separation from his family and home during the chronicle of events after the fall of Troy. In the unraveling of these adventures, the reader is immersed in a world of heroic feats, strange creatures and lustful gods. However, behind all the myths and legends, there are a wide variety of underlying themes and concepts, which not only develop the plot andRead MoreOdysseus Journey Back Home1462 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 2, 2014 Analysis: Odysseus’ Journey Back Home to Ithaca The journey of Odysseus is a complex one, and must be carefully analyzed to see whether Odysseus truly completes a hero’s journey. Homer’s The Odyssey, centers upon Odysseus Laertes, the King of Ithaca. After defeating the Trojans at war, Odysseus is on his homeward voyage when he blinds Polyphemus, a Cyclops. Polyphemus then places a curse upon Odysseus, causing him to take 10 years to return home. After he returns, Odysseus kills the manyRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles The Trojan War was more than a series of battles between opposing forces, it was the climax of an age of heroes. The retrieval of Helen brought together many of the mythological characters of that time onto a single stage. Of the thousands of brave men who fought at Ilion, two men stood above the masses, sharing the title of hero. They were born in the line of those on Mt. Olympus, favored by the gods. Excelling in courage and skill, adored by thoseRead More Elements of Homers Odyssey in the Coen Brothers Oh Brother Where Art Thou646 Words   |  3 Pagesadventure The Odyssey, is a film amusingly filled with themes of symbolism similar to those found in Homer’s epic, while still maintaining a sense of originality and style that they have become so renowned for. An exciting and entertaining blend of high adventure, humour, and heartfelt emotion, at first glance, the film barely resembles Homer’s poem: only certain elements are obvious, such as the main characterâ€℠¢s name and the three sirens by the river. However, a deeper and more intense analysis of theRead MoreThe Odyssey And The Iliad1060 Words   |  5 PagesHomer was one of the first great authors in Western culture. He was known for creating the two Greek epics The Odyssey and The Iliad, which. The Odyssey tells of the ten-year journey by Odysseus to Ithica from Troy to be reunited with his beloved wife. The Odyssey was written in a with illustrative language. The Iliad was written in a. It depicted the end of the Trojan War and the siege of Troy. This event occurred centuries before Homer was assumed to have been born. Although both epics were writtenRead MoreTransformation of Telemachos1232 Words   |  5 PagesPrompt Topic 1: The Odyssey begins not with the adventures of the hero Odysseus himself but instead with four books devoted to the plight and travels of Telemachos. Within these four books (which are often called the Telemachy), we see Odysseus son undergo a transition in which he goes from being a helpless victim among his mother s suitors to a young man actively winning a good reputation among other Greek heroes. Describe this process in which Telemachos matures, paying close attention notRead MoreThe Faithfull Wife : An Analysis Of The Odyssey And Agamemnon1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe Faithfull Wife: An Analysis of the Odyssey and Agamemnon based on Theano’s Letter of Marriage and Fidelity The idea of marriage and family go hand in hand for most. The preconceived notion is that if someone has chosen a partner or spouse that they should be devoted and faithful to that spouse. Often times both partners are capable of remaining faithful in the relationship and are able to maintain the strength of their union. However, on occasion one or both partners commit adultery. Consequently

Audit report Free Essays

During the stock count e observe the following weaknesses and ascertain the risks associated with them and developed following suggestions to develop controls to address these weaknesses. The details of these are as follows: 1 . Excessive Accessories stocks found as compared to system report. We will write a custom essay sample on Audit report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Observations:- During the audit we observe that some of stock physically available is in excess as compared to the stock as per stock report. For details of these please, see annex â€Å"A†. Later on discussion with store uncharged Mr.. Adele it came to know that, this problem occurred due to stock shifting, adjusting stock report, bulk quantity counting of stock really with routine activities etc. Some Grins and store issues are also not properly posted in time, that is why this issue raise. Recommendations:- The posting issue should not have any excuse; store team should manage their time to post all types of documents in system to update the stock report. It is also recommended that store team should adopt the policy of efficiency instead of effectiveness. 2. Less quantity of stocks found physically as compared to Accessories stock report. Observations:- We observed that some stocks in actual are less as compare to reported quantity. For details of these, please see annex â€Å"B†. Recommendations:- It is recommended to post issuance in system carefully and posting of issuance should be checked on daily basis. We recommended that the issuance book should be systematized and in new software this document will move as prepared by, approved by and deliver by and finally system post this issue automatically. 3. Stock not found physically but mentioned in stock report. Observations:- During the audit we observed some quantity of stock not physically in store as compared with stock report. For details of these please see annex â€Å"C† Later on discussion with store uncharged it came to know that due to the shifting of store items o new place and some issuance are also not posted/misplaced, that’s why these items showing in report. It is recommended that all issuance should be posted timely in software on daily basis, the items which are not physically exist should be located in report and adjust the report as per the actual conditions to maintain the proper stock report. To resolve this problem the store team should get the approval of management, and after approval they have to adjust the stock accordingly. 4. Items not in report but physically exist During the course of audit it was found that some of the items are physically exist in he store but there is no record of these in the accessory report. For details of these please, see annex â€Å"D†. Recommendations:- It is recommended that store issue returns must be recognized when received at store. Proper record and physical stock must be kept by the store team. 5. Old Stock found in store During the course of audit it was found that lot of space was covered by old stock this stock is not in use since more than 2 year as per information given by the store team these items include: Inlay card Poly bag Buttons For details of these please, see annex â€Å"E†. It is recommended that time period should be defined after which certain item will be considered a part of dead stock. By doing this, dead stock will be separated from old stock. After this, dead stock should be sold at reasonable price and old stock should be properly placed at certain area with label of old stock and should not be mixed with fresh stock. When this old stock will not be used for a certain defined time period, it should be classified as dead stock and be sold as well. 6. Placement and Item codes It is observed that some items such as LABEL and THREAD are placed in different parts in a few boxes. . Thread of one shade found in different boxes and in different places and some of poly bags have no item codes. For details of these please, see annex â€Å"F†. Recommendations:- It is recommended that every item in store must be placed at single place so that these can be easily accessible. Secondly item codes must be mentioned on the items properly. 7. Practice of Safety Stock not adopted It was found during our audit that concept of safety stock was not being considered by the stor e management. The different routine items like stationary, kitchen items, some stitching general items like needles, commonly use thread and stitching aching spare parts etc. Don’t have any safety stock formula, and this problem can stuck the flow of work. It is recommended that store team should be provided with all information about crucial items of different departments which may cause disturbance in the flow of work. Store should have a safety stock of all such items so that these could be used in case of emergency shortage. By doing this smooth running of flow work can be ensured. They should also consult with management in this regards. 8. Tagging and dust issues It is observed that some of the items are not properly tagged and there is dust on the teems also. This type of issues create risk like decrease in the value of stock it may also create delay problem for production if the things are not properly tagged and placed. Recommendations:- It is suggested that all the items with proper identification should be at specific place and should cover properly. Proper posting in software will be helpful to maintain the record. 10. Goods directly issued to department without any knowledge of store During the course of our audit it is observed that, some required items are issued directly to the department from where the items are demanded and all the paper work (documents) starts after this, and the store team prepares GRIN after receiving he store issue requisition and ZIP from the department. Recommendations:- It is recommended that if there is any item require urgently in any department and they purchase this on emergency basis, then this item should come first in store and issued from store as well ,and then store uncharged will prepare the GRIN after receiving the documents. By doing this there will be no ambiguity in record and all the items will come into the knowledge of store uncharged. 11. No record for items under RSI. 500. Observation:- It is observed that the items purchased which having value less than 500 rupees have no record in the store. How to cite Audit report, Papers

Wireless technology circuits systems device -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Wireless Technology Circuits Systems Device? Answer: Introduction POS systems can be considered to be a combination of software as well as hardware that enables organizations to automate the process of data recording and distributing (Refer to Appendix 1). It helps in simplifying the daily operations of a business. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery, a small business based in Colorado adopted a new POS system in the year 2008. The POS system helped enhance the business operations of the nursery. This report focuses on the case study of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery and describes the benefits and disadvantages of the POS system. It also shows how POS system facilitates the business to gain competitive advantage and enhance the decision making process. It recommends telecommunication options for the nursery and discusses the various risks that POS brings to the organization. It also suggests methods for protecting the business against the various risks. Advantages and Disadvantages of the POS system The new POS system builds a strong infrastructure for processing and reporting business operations. The advantages of the new point-of-sale or POS system are: 1) The new POS system enables immediate and real-time tracking of business and sales data by eliminating the process of manual data tracking (Refer to Appendix 2). Therefore, it makes sales tracking process simpler and increases the accuracy of data. 2) The new POS system automatically updates the inventory and compiles the sales history. It helps in reducing the number of inventory units and saves business cost. 3) It is an advanced version of the traditional cash register that simplifies the process of accounting. The new POS system increases the accuracy of financial data by providing detailed cost records. It reduces the occurrence of errors in the financial data. 4) The new POS system facilitates the decision making process of an organization by enabling the business personnel to easily track past transactions and inventory data. Therefore, the business and operational efficiency of an organization can be increased by adopting a POS system. 5) It helps in tracking the employee schedules and allocating labour expenses without any error. The new POS system also helps in maintaining price consistency of the products. The level of customer and employee satisfaction can be enhanced by using a POS system. The disadvantages of the new point-of-sale or POS system are: 1) Implementation of the new POS system is a costly process as the initial setup cost is high. It needs regular maintenance and software updates which add to the expense of the business. 2) Security risk of a POS system is a demerit of this system. There are possibilities of security breaches due to incorrect software update or in cases when the system is not up-to-date. Theft of sensitive data from the POS system can put the organization at financial and legal risk. Competitive advantages of the Business The new POS system will help the business to gain competitive advantage in the market. It will help in generating detailed and accurate sales reports which will facilitate the business personnel to appropriately analyse the sales data in various ways based on the number of items sold, promotions and time periods (Peppard and Ward 2016). It will help in making better business decisions and enhance the revenue of the organization. The POS system will help to accurately manage the inventory data and provide detailed information about the inventory items. It will help in pricing the products accurately for generating more profit. The accurate and error free reports generated by the POS system will help in effective decision making and growth of the business (Refer to Appendix 2). The POS system will help to simplify the process of recording, tracking as well as distributing data for effectively managing and operating the business. With the elimination of manual processes, errors in the f inancial data will also get eliminated. The POS system will also help in retaining and managing the employees. It will help in attracting more customers to the business. Therefore, the new POS system will be able to help Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery to gain competitive advantages. Advantages of a Centralised Database 1) Centralised database has a redundant storage and fault-tolerant setup that helps in preserving data, even when there is hardware failure (Laudon and Laudon 2016). 2) Centralised database prevents physical access to specific locations by storing data in a centralised location (Coronel and Morris 2016). It enhances the physical security of data. 3) The presence of various data access and security policies in a centralised database helps in improving the data security by preventing unauthorized access and data manipulation. 4) Centralised database enables the organization to cut the overall business cost as the maintenance cost of a central server is much less than the maintenance cost of multiple computers (Gouhar 2017). It also reduces the space requirements for storing and processing data. 5) Centralised database facilitates the business to access data from any location. It provides high-quality and non-redundant data. Hence it is considered to be more reliable as compared to local storage. Role of POS system in Decision Making The new POS system could facilitate the decision making process in Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. The POS system could automatically record, track and distribute financial, inventory and sales data accurately. It could process business activities more effectively by eliminating the process of manual data tracking and save time. Accurate and error-free inventory data that are maintained by the new POS system could help the business to make effective decisions (Yang and Hwang 2015). POS system could make the business processes and activities more effective as decisions regarding production or order of the number of product units were not based on assumptions and speculations. Manual tracking of data or information cannot be done in an effective manner. Manual tracking involves human intervention which can lead to errors (Moon, Kim and Ham 2014). The new POS system could enhance the data accuracy by generating and maintaining error-free sales and inventory reports. The POS system could provide accurate details regarding the inventory counts. Hence it could provide answers to questions such as how many products were sold, discarded and purchased (Refer to Appendix 2). The accurate and detailed information regarding cost reporting could help the business to effectively price their products for generating more profit. The timely as well as accurate reporting of information could help business personnel to effectively manage business operations. Telecommunication Options Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can benefit by selecting WAN or Wireless Area Network for the new POS system (Refer to Appendix 3). WAN will help in centralising the IT infrastructure and simplifying the process of server management. It will help the business to increase its bandwidth and eliminate the need of ISDN leading to the reduction of extra costs. Wireless technologies will be suitable for the POS system of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. Wireless technologies will increase mobility, improve responsiveness and provide better access to information (Iniewski 2017). It will help the business to easily expand. Wi-Fi technology will be suitable for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery as it will help the employees to easily remain connected and increase productivity (Challoo et al. 2012). It will save the heavy cost of installation process that is required in wired technologies. Risks that the POS System bring to the Business Security risks: If there is loophole in the network then hackers can steal the sensitive business data (Stallings et al. 2012). If the software is not regularly updated then it can lead to security risks. To overcome the security risks the network need to be protected with encrypted passwords and update the software on a regular basis (Peltier 2013). Privacy risks: Malicious software such as ransomware and spyware can secretly steal the sensitive data from the POS system and harm the business (Saeed, Selamat and Abuagoub 2013). An advanced version of anti-virus software must be installed to prevent privacy risks. Confidentiality risks: Lack of authorization in the POS system of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery will lead to confidentiality issues (Kaiser 2012). A risk management plan must be developed and authorization levels must be enforced for preventing confidentiality risks. Conclusion This report concludes that the new POS system prove to be beneficial for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. The POS will help the business to attain competitive advantages by automating the process of data recording, distributing and tracking. This report mentioned some of the benefits such as increased operational efficiency and elimination of manual processes. It suggested WAN and Wi-fi technology to be the most suitable telecommunication options for the POS system of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. It said that security, privacy and confidentiality risks of the POS system can be prevented by securing the network, using anti-virus programs and enforcing authorization levels respectively. Recommendations Security measures must be taken into account while implementing the POS system. Regular maintenance of the POS system must be carried out for proper functioning of the system. The network must be protected with strong security policies and updated version of anti-virus programs must be installed for preventing business risks. References Challoo, R., Oladeinde, A., Yilmazer, N., Ozcelik, S. and Challoo, L., 2012. An overview and assessment of wireless technologies and co-existence of ZigBee, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devices.Procedia Computer Science,12, pp.386-391. Coronel, C. and Morris, S., 2016.Database systems: design, implementation, management. Cengage Learning. Gouhar, A., 2017. Database Management System.International Journal of Engineering Science,11766. Iniewski, K. ed., 2017.Wireless technologies: circuits, systems, and devices. CRC press. Kaiser, K., 2012. Protecting confidentiality.The Sage handbook of interview research, pp.457-464. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Moon, Y.J., Kim, W. and Ham, S., 2014. Users' intentions to employ a Point-Of-Sale system.The Service Industries Journal,34(11), pp.901-921. Peltier, T.R., 2013.Information security fundamentals. CRC Press. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Saeed, I.A., Selamat, A. and Abuagoub, A.M., 2013. A survey on malware and malware detection systems.International Journal of Computer Applications,67(16). Stallings, W., Brown, L., Bauer, M.D. and Bhattacharjee, A.K., 2012.Computer security: principles and practice(pp. 978-0). Pearson Education. Yang, D. and Hwang, I., 2015, May. Security enhancement methods for mobile POS system. InProceedings of the Second ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems(pp. 152-153). IEEE Press.

The Prevailing Opinion In The Media Is That Listening To Violent Lyric

The prevailing opinion in the media is that listening to violent lyrics tends to lead to violence. This idea permeates nearly all media, news and entertainment. According to the conservative organization Empower America, the issue at heart is such music leading us on a "slide toward decivilization" (Bennet and Tucker, 1995). The idea being that by glorifying subjects like rape, murder, suicide and homophobia [the fear of homosexuals and their lifestyle], these lyrics erode the judgement and thought capabilities of adolescents. In recent history, the popular solution to the problems of our society has been censorship [the mandated editing or suppression of the music thought to be at fault]. The Parents Music Resource Center [PMRC], headed by Pamela Howar and including such big Washington names as Tipper Gore [wife of Democratic Presidential Nominee Al Gore] pushed for Motion Picture Association of America [MPAA] style ratings of music (Deflem, 1993). The PMRC's efforts resulted in the widely noticed "Parental Advisory" warnings. While the adults seem to agree, the youth, adolescents and artists alike, seem to take a different direction. The dominant point of view among younger audiences is that no one is responsible for teen violence but those who act out. But there is a second view. We are all equally guilty for the violent acts of youths (Manson, 1999). Such violent acts, while increasingly spoken about by news and entertainment media, the Centers for Disease Control report that violence in adolescents is down (Youth 2000). Given the perceived impact of violent lyrics, and the immense popularity and friction of this issue, it is surprising that little or no actual study has been done to back up any of these claims (Hogan et al, 1996). The ultimate goal of my research is to determine whether there is a real, causal connection between violent lyrical content in music and violent feelings in teens. However, given the monetary and temporal constraints, this ultimate goal will be broken into several steps. The first step, which is relevant to this class, will ask, "Do teenagers habits affect their belief on this subject?" The second will ask "Do teenagers feel that lyrically violent music causes societal violence?" This topic deals with two central things: Real world violence, and violence in music lyrics. Music lyrics, as a part of the vast media, are beholden to many of the same situations. However, if research on media violence [such as violent video games, movies, and music lyrics] is to be held credible, it must be done properly. There is, however some question as to whether the research is being done in a scientifically correct manner. David Gauntlett says that the "effects model" does research the wrong way round. "Media effects research has quite consistently taken the wrong approach to the mass media, its audiences, and society in general" (Gauntlett 1999). "Video games players, for example, are often discussed as undiscriminating, brainless suckers by people who do not seem to have attempted to understand the meanings and the appeal of these games, and whose views are supported (if at all) by inadequate, contrived and predetermined research. Like the critics of TV and movie violence, they are guilty of looking at this perceived 'problem' backwards -- by starting with the games and then trying to make links to actual crimes, rather than by starting with real criminals and seeing if they seem to have been centrally motivated or affected by video games" (Gauntlett 1999). "The 'backwards' approach involves the mistake of looking at individuals, rather than society, in relation to the mass media. The narrowly individualistic approach of some psychologists leads them to argue that, because of their belief that particular individuals at certain times in specific circumstances may be negatively affected by one bit of media, the removal of such media from society would be a positive step. This approach is rather like arguing that the solution to the number of road traffic accidents in Britain would be to lock away one famously poor driver from Cornwall; that is, a blinkered approach which tackles a real problem from the wrong end, involves cosmetic rather than relevant changes, and fails to look in any way at the 'bigger picture'" (Gauntlett) 1999). So, Gauntlett says, media research is overly biased toward finding

Free Essays on Civil Rights 1964

in 1964, a month and a day before the historic Civil Rights Act of 1964 would be signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. She speaks for the mood of a race, a race that for centuries has built the nation of America, literally, with blood, sweat, and passive acceptance. She speaks for black Americans who have been second class citizens in their own home too long. She speaks for the race that would be patient no longer that would be accepting no more. Mrs. Hamer speaks for the African Americans who stood up in the 1950's and refused to sit down. They were the people who led the greatest movement in modern American history - the civil rights movement. It was a movement that would be more than a fragment of history, it was a movement that would become a measure of our lives (Shipler 12). When Martin Luther King Jr. stirred up the conscience of a nation, he gave voice to a long lain dormant morality in America, a voice that the government could no longer ignore. The government fin ally answered on July 2nd with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is historically significant because it stands as a defining piece of civil rights legislation, being the first time the national government had declared equality for blacks. The civil rights movement was a campaign led by a number of organizations, supported by many individuals, to end discrimination and achieve equality for American Blacks (Mooney 776). The forefront of the struggle came during the 1950's and the 1960's when the feeling of oppression intensified and efforts increased to gain access to public accommodations, increased voting rights, and better educational opportunities (Mooney... Free Essays on Civil Rights 1964 Free Essays on Civil Rights 1964 When the Government Stood Up For Civil Rights "All my life I've been sick and tired, and now I'm just sick and tired of being sick and tired. No one can honestly say Negroes are satisfied. We've only been patient, but how much more patience can we have?" Mrs. Hamer said these words in 1964, a month and a day before the historic Civil Rights Act of 1964 would be signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. She speaks for the mood of a race, a race that for centuries has built the nation of America, literally, with blood, sweat, and passive acceptance. She speaks for black Americans who have been second class citizens in their own home too long. She speaks for the race that would be patient no longer that would be accepting no more. Mrs. Hamer speaks for the African Americans who stood up in the 1950's and refused to sit down. They were the people who led the greatest movement in modern American history - the civil rights movement. It was a movement that would be more than a fragmen t of history, it was a movement that would become a measure of our lives (Shipler 12). When Martin Luther King Jr. stirred up the conscience of a nation, he gave voice to a long lain dormant morality in America, a voice that the government could no longer ignore. The government finally answered on July 2nd with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is historically significant because it stands as a defining piece of civil rights legislation, being the first time the national government had declared equality for blacks. The civil rights movement was a campaign led by a number of organizations, supported by many individuals, to end discrimination and achieve equality for American Blacks (Mooney 776). The forefront of the struggle came during the 1950's and the 1960's when the feeling of oppression intensified and efforts increased to gain access to public accommodations, increased voting rights, and better educational opportunities (Mooney...

Analyzing video Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing video - Article Example In the video â€Å"Mediation in action: role-playing workplace dispute resolution | Acas†, the two competitors at managerial position Paul and Kristy required mediation for the sake of their professional efficiency, stability and future progress. They also needed to resolve their disputes so to bridge the gap in their communication. To mediate the situation between these two, Senior Manager Bernard suggested mediation session which was conducted by an external agent, when he was unable to eliminate the strife between them himself. Now, Bernard as a senior manager regards both of his mangers for their distinctive skills. However, he is unable to accept their continual defiance of each other, which adversely impacted on the business in terms of time, money, lack of contracts and reputation (Mediation In Action: Role-Playing Workplace Dispute Resolution | Acas). After individual sessions with Paul and Kristy, Mediator meets them in a joint meeting and sets the ground rules initially to be followed by both. She reminds them both how these mediation sessions should be kept confidential and how they can ask for private chat if something disturbs them. Moreover, she made it clear to both the participants that they have to give ample chance and respect to the other to share his concerns and the listener will not interrupt the speaker. Setting ground rules and agreement on them makes such session more smooth and participants reach to resolutions quickly without wasting time in arguments. Mediator depicts composed and tactful approach for the second step of mediation that is listening and summarizing (Doherty and Guyler, 2008). She initiated the discussion by picking the flashpoint between two; â€Å"Kristy’s delegation handling issue†. Since, it’s directly related to Kristy’s liabilities in office; therefore, she gave Paul a chance to speak out his understanding on the issue,

Effects of Socioeconomic Influences on Health Assignment

Effects of Socioeconomic Influences on Health - Assignment Example Unemployed people do not have reliable sources of income. Therefore, the individual is not able to cater for his or her basic needs adequately. Healthcare is a basic need for all humanity but requires a certain level of monetary input. Rising levels of unemployment limit people’s access to medical services because they lack funds that would cover their medical expenses. As a result, sick people may not get the medical care they need due to the lack of a source of income. People have different lifestyles, norms, and practices that define them. Some of these lifestyle aspects have severe effects on health. For instance, drug abusers including smokers and alcoholics are at the risk of contracting fatal diseases. Liver cirrhosis is a killer disorder that results from excessive consumption of alcohol. Lung cancer results from excessive smoking. These are diseases that have fatal consequences especially when treatment is not sought early enough. People’s diets also determine their health status. Obesity is common among individuals who eat large quantities of unhealthy food, for example, excessive fatty food consumption. The environment is a crucial determinant of the health status of the societies we live in. Certain environmental settings are characterized by unhealthy factors like pollution. Polluted environments herb various health infections. Respiratory disorders that result from air pollution are common in areas that contain industries that emit harmful gaseous elements into the atmosphere. To avoid health problems, residential premises should be moved away from polluted areas and industries should limit the emission of pollutants into the environment. Healthcare facilities are vital for the provision of medical services. A society that has adequate access to healthcare services is guaranteed an efficient solution to health problems. However, individuals with limited access to healthcare facilities for  example due to scarcity, find it difficult to counter health problems.  

Expression of Mentality through Materiality of Object (not decided Research Paper

Expression of Mentality through Materiality of Object (not decided yet) - Research Paper Example y to deny the mental aspects of men but try to consider and study their mental activities as a compound of physico-chemical causality and to express them in a more concrete and visual method. Therefore, the following discussion implements the research findings through the argued out philosophies, secondary, and primary data sources, and sole resolutions on establishing the relationship following various interviews with affected respondents (Przytycki, and UrbanÃŒ ski, 2010:46). Mainly, the discussion shall focus on the mental effects that deciphered through physical actions and emotional distress in human beings, by answering the following questions. The main resolution while tackling the issue of philosophy and the ideal relationship with human nature as forecasted in physiological characteristics. David majors his concerns on the coherent factors borne of the human behaviours that correlate with the mentality as forecasted in the individual deeds. Further, the philosopher argues out on the general nature of mentality that harbours man from cohabiting and exhibiting his feelings to the environment. Entirely, David acknowledges that the conflicting interest between mental and material variables is continuous thus; it is impossible to ascertain on any completion of the same or a probability that the variables shall halt, a phenomenon referred to as the wholeness and the implicate order (Harris, 2012:46). As a physicist, David Bohm, is among the most creative thinkers of the early 20th century and he is accredited of the Hologram theoretical approach in arguing out different ideologies surrounding human lives. The two psychologists experimented the extreme external factors such as an electroshock device and a prison to change a ‘normal’ persons character, and the reason presented me a more concrete and visible method of expression (Tyson, et al 2009:67). The efficient arrangements of various external factors, mostly emotional, influenced my experimentations with

Medical Devices in Nursing: Blood Glucose Monitoring Device

Medical Devices in Nursing: Blood Glucose Monitoring Device Melissa Cassar Write a short account of the devices used in your area of practice (200 words) As a reliever nurse at Sir Paul Boffa Hospital, I mainly work at the Dermatology Department which consists of; a Dermatology Ward, Minor Surgery Theatres, Follow-up/ New-cases Clinics with consultants, the Leg Ulcer Clinic, the Phototherapy Unit, Patch testing, Wart Clinics and Skin Tag Clinics. From this sub-department a number of medical devices are used, the most commonly used devices are: Blood pressure machines and stethoscope Used to measure a patient’s blood pressure Blood glucose monitoring machines Determines the approximate concentration of the patient’s glucose in their blood Hand held Doppler Used in the leg ulcer clinic for assessing ankle brachial pressure index of the lower limbs Thermometer A tool that measures and monitors body temperature Scale Used in assessing patient’s weight Measuring tapes Used to measure the surface of a wound Dermatoscope An easy-to-use tool used for examining the skin surface and making measurements of different skin lesions Choose a particular device for detailed study and describe the device and its clinical use (if applicable including interaction of device and ICT) From the above mentioned medical devices, the Blood Glucose Monitor or more commonly known as ‘glucometer’ was chosen. Glucose monitoring has become a major adjunct to the care of individuals with diabetes mellitus in the past decade (Colwell, et al., 1987). Individuals who suffer from diabetes and healthcare professionals are able to check and read blood glucose levels regularly by using these portable lightweight devices. These devices are often used in hospitals to avoid having to wait for laboratory glucose tests as the device returns a blood glucose reading in a matter of seconds. Predominantly, most of my working hours are spent in the Leg Ulcer clinic, where we treat and manage patients who suffer from leg ulcers. Diagnosis is an important factor in leg ulcers as it determines the correct treatment pathway. As stated by the Clinical Practice Guidelines (2006), a full clinical history and physical examination should be conducted on a patient presenting with either their first or recurrent leg ulcer and assessment should be ongoing thereafter. Required laboratory tests, physical examination and clinical history including previous and current blood glucose measuring to check for Diabetes mellitus, assess and determine the patient’s diagnosis revealing the cause of leg ulcer and identify the required treatment needed. Hackett (March 1994), states that most blood glucose monitoring devices consist of glucose test strips and a reflectometer to determine glucose concentrations in whole blood. Some systems depend on a glucose oxidase-colorimetric reaction that occurs when a drop of blood is placed on a reagent-impregnated pad. Hackett also continues that the test pad contains the enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase, and color indicators. When whole blood is placed on the test pad, glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide with glucose oxidase acting as a catalyst. The hydrogen peroxide that results from this reaction oxidizes an oxygen acceptor in the presence of peroxidase to form a color change, the intensity of which is directly proportional to the amount of glucose in the blood sample (Hackett, March 1994). Blood glucose tests are used to measure blood glucose and if blood glucose is high this results in hyperglycemia whereas if blood glucose result is low, hypoglycemia is detected. Screening patients who are at risk of having diabetes is essential as some patients show no early indication or apparent symptoms. This test is essential as a mean to prevent arising complications or deterioration due to an advance level of diabetes. In the Maltese Health-Care system, glucose levels found in blood by the glucose monitoring device are measured in millimoles per liter (mmols). All blood glucose measuring devices are small in size (fit in the palm of your hand) thus making them highly efficient in portability, are battery powered and are assembled together with solid-state electronics making the device robust in case of any accidents by dropping the device. The device’s accuracy is important as not only the patient’s well-being could be in jeopardy but may also result in a patient’s death due to severe undetected hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Associated Documentation Title page of the user manual On Call Platinum Blood Glucose Monitoring System Sample output from the device List of persons in charge of device management – If device failure occurs, it is important for nurses to remove the device from service immediately, tag it with a label describing the problem and report the incident to the nurse in charge which will then be escalated by reporting the faulty device to the maintenance within the facility so it can be evaluated and repaired or returned to the manufacturer if required. Existing training procedures for new users – At Sir Paul Boffa Hospital, there are currently no training procedures provided to any new users. The blood glucose monitoring technique is supervised and taught by a mentor to any student nurses during their placements done during their three year course at University of Malta. If one of the new users has never learned how to use the device, an experienced senior nurse shows and explains the procedure to the unskilled nurse and helps the new user master the skill. Analyse critically the specifications of the device (list of specifications can be found in the user manual). There are many different types of blood glucose monitor devices on the market. Each device comes with a unique set of specifications according to the user’s specific need. The blood glucose device used in the Dermatology Out-Patient Department is manufactured by ACON Laboratories, Inc. and is found by the name of ‘On Call Platinum’. One of the features the ‘On Call Platinum’ offers is the measurement range which lies between 0.6 33.3 mmol/L (10 600 mg/dL. If the patient has a mmol/L reading of less than 0.6 or more than 33.3, the device will not be able to return a result. The result calibration feature involves measuring glucose concentrations in plasma and not the whole blood. Glucose levels in plasma are generally 10%–15% higher than glucose measurements in whole blood. The glucose meter uses an equation that has been hardcoded into the device to calculate the plasma equivalent from the whole blood glucose reading. The minimum volume of blood sample needs to be 0.8 ÃŽ ¼L. Devices requiring smaller volume reduces the frequency of unproductive pricks to the patient‘s body. The ‘On Call Platinum’ test time is five seconds. This results in faster, more accurate results and reduces chances for errors. Battery life can serve up to a minimum of 3,000 measurements (without con sidering data transfer and test reminder alarms) and therefore can be used for long term. The device is pre-set to either millimoles per liter (mmol/L) or milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) depending on the standard of the country it is being used in. Here in Malta, the millimoles per litre (mmol/L) is used. This specific type of blood glucose monitor has a memory storage up to 300 records with time and date and thus is ideal for keeping tracks and records of patients. Another important feature is that the device automatically shuts off in two minutes of no interaction. This type of specification helps in preserving battery life when the device is accidentally left switched on after its last use. The blood glucose meter size is 90mm x 58mm x21mm weighing 66g (with battery included), approximately the size of the palm of the hand therefore making the device light, easier to use and portable. Its display size is 41mm x 37mm with brilliant backlit display making reading the numbers easy anytime, anywhere. The ‘On Call Platinum’ operating temperature ranges between 5 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and its operating humidity ranges between 10-90%. This means that the device operates in most environments. Another specification is that the hematocrit range needs to be between 20%-70% and if the ratio of the volume of red cells to the volume of whole blood (in anemic patients) falls below or is above the required value, it can give false glucose measurements. With the data port feature it allows information from the machine to be loaded easily on most computers using a USB cable. The device also has a strip ejector which allows easy strip disposal for the safety of the user. Last by not least, the ‘On Call Platinum’ also has an advanced testing feature of ketone, hypo and hyper warnings alert for each necessary action. Identify any physical and chemical agents associated with the device, and list precautions for patient and user safety, scrutinize the user manual to identify any physical and chemical agents impacting the effectiveness of the device. As stated by WorkSafe Services (March 7, 2014), a chemical agent is a term used to describe all chemical elements and compounds in a natural state or in a processed state and their by-products, the exposure to which insufficient quantities and duration may result in illness or injury to human health. In addition, WorkSafe Services (March 7, 2014), also states that physical agent is a term used to describe energies, the exposures to which insufficient quantities and duration may result in illness or injury to human health. Physical agents include noise, ionizing or non-ionizing radiation, extremes in temperature and pressure, vibration, electric and magnetic fields. In regards to the blood glucose monitor, factors that affect accuracy include test strip problems. To prevent this, strips need to be stored in their sealed container, kept away from moisture, humidity and heat. Extreme temperatures and altitude may diminish the effectiveness on the glucose meter and test strips so it is important to keep the device and its accessories at room temperature. Alcohol, dirt or any other substances on the patient’s skin will give a false reading. The patient’s hands (or the area which is going to be pricked) needs to be washed and air dried thoroughly before lanced. Improper coding is also a factor that affects accuracy. The user must make sure that the code number in the blood glucose devices matches the code number on the test strip bottle. The monitor can also give problems. The user needs to make sure that the test strips are fully inserted into the monitor and the monitor batteries need replacement if required. Not applying enough blood to the test strip is another factor that impacts the device from giving the correct result. To elude this, the user needs to be sure to apply a substantial drop of blood to the test strip. Sources of strong electromagnetic radiation are to be avoided as they may interfere with the devices’ operation giving an inaccurate reading. To acquire a very accurate reading the blood glucose sampling should be obtained from a fingertip as samples from alternate body parts have a probability to return an inaccurate result. Finally, if the patient is anaemic or dehydrated, there is a high probability of a less precise result. Scrutinize the user manual and list what checks must be carried out to ensure that the device is working properly before being used with patients. Glucometer controls are performance tests that are to be completed on the glucose meter, to ensure that the device is functioning properly. As instructed by Vickery Beinhaker (2012), the quality control process allows users to monitor the â€Å"variables† of blood glucose testing in order to consistently obtain reliable test results. It is highly recommended that this test should be done when a test strip container has been opened for a period of time, whenever a new container of test strips has been opened or when there is a possibility that test strips have been damaged. If the device is dropped, suspected that it is not working properly or the machine is repeatedly giving unexpected blood sugar results, it is important to ensure that such procedure is carried out. Moreover, once a week, there should be a routinely check-up to make sure that the device is working properly and to its full potential. With the blood glucose machine kit comes a control solution bottle. A control test consists of first shaking the control solution bottle for the glucose solution to be distributed evenly. Then, a test strip should be inserted into the meter for the machine to be switched on. A drop of control solution is to be applied to the test strip and the reading is then shown on the display. The given result needs to then be compared with the acceptable test range identified on the control solution package. If the value obtained is within the given range, the blood glucose machine is fully functional. Write a step-by-step protocol for the effective and safe use of the device (i.e., ensuring the purpose in using the device is achieved, that the device is used with patient and user safety in mind and checked before use). Include images of each step. Explain the procedure to patient and gain verbal consent. Collect the needed items to perform the procedure, that include alcohol wipes, a pair of gloves, single-use lancet (preferably auto disabling), blood glucose meter and test strip, band aids, sharps container and gauze swabs or cotton wool. Take the items to the patients’ area or to a suitable procedure area. This procedure should not be carried out in any common areas and the needed items should be preferably transported on a trolley and not inside any pockets. Assess the patient’s allergies (i.e.: latex sensitivity) and verify the patient’s identity using the two of the following unique identifiers: Patients first and last name and their ID card number. This procedure should be performed on a solid surface that can be cleaned and properly disinfected in the event of any blood contamination. Perform correct hand hygiene by washing your hands with soap and water or else by using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. It is also important to tell the patient to wash the site from which you are going to draw blood with soap and water. Alcohol wipes must not be used on the patient as this may give a false blood glucose reading (Burden, 2001) Put on a pair of gloves and insert the prepared test strip into the blood glucose meter. Wait for the signal on the blood glucose meter to tell you to put the drop of blood on the strip. Normally the blood areaglucose meter gives you a symbol, such as a sign that resembles a drop of liquid. Prick the patient using the single-use lancet. After, immediately discard the used sharps in an approved sharps container. Wipe off the first drop of blood as it could be contaminated. Draw and place the second drop of blood on the test strip. Wait until a result is shown on the blood glucose monitor. The meter will initiate a countdown sequence once the blood is applied to the strip and the meter detects it. The meter will beep or sound an alarm, when a reading is generated. While still wearing gloves, complete the procedure by detaching the test strip from the blood glucose meter and disposing of it in a sharps container. Apply a cotton wool to the pricked area and advice the patient to keep in place in order to stop the bleeding. Remove gloves and place them in the appropriate trash container. Perform correct hand hygiene by using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer or washing your hands with soap and water. Ensure the blood glucose meter is properly cleaned and disinfected after use according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and store the machine appropriately (i.e., in a storage case). Supply proof of own competence signed testimony of local person responsible for training confirming that s/he has observed you using the device and that you are competent in using the device effectively and safely and can check the device before use. Write a short account of (a) the patient perspective (b) the user perspective regarding the device. Discuss ways of enhancing these perspectives. One perspective in regards to the blood glucose device is that many patients find blood glucose testing to be very painful. Ways in reducing the chance of this happening is by pricking and drawing blood from the side of the patient’s finger rather than from the tip or pad of the finger. This will help with easing the pain as there is less concentrations of nerve endings on the finger side compared to the pad or tip of the finger. Additionally a patient can become distressed when a nurse has to prick their finger again, due to the lack of blood flow present to the tip of the patients’ finger because there might not be enough blood in the droplet in order for the blood glucose device to initiate a reading. To enhance this, before pricking the tip of the patients’ finger the user must hold the patients’ hand downwards to enhance blood flow into the finger tip. Many patients also feel anxiety during the whole procedure due to being afraid of what the result might be. Nurses should try to comfort the patient to help them feel at ease. Another patient’s point of view is being afraid of getting an infection from using a common shared glucometer device. Ways of enhancing this perspective include performing hand hygiene in front of the patient before performing blood glucose monitoring, making sure that the blood glucose meter testing strips are sealed before using them, by wearing gloves and opening the test strip in front of the patient to show them that a sealed unused test strip will be used. Moreover, from a nurses’ perspective, to avoid any potential hazardous risks, any used sharps should be disposed of immediately in a sharps container after pricking the patient and not leaving them lying around near any of the patients’ surroundings. Disposal of any sharps is essential and should be done by the user not by one of yo ur colleagues. Wiping the machine with 70 percent isopropyl alcoholwipes after use, properly disposing of the pair of gloves used and proper hand hygiene after every blood glucose test performed should always be done in order to sustain effective infection control. Due to the immediate result from the blood glucose machine, users such as nurses are able to see the test as life-saver in situations where the patient falls hypoglycemic, is unconscious or is hyperglycemic as it provides crucial information that can be used to make rapid decisions as opposed to having to wait for laboratory tests results. References Amoore, J., Paula, I. (3rd August 2002). Learning from adverse incidents involving medical devices. BMJ, 272-275. Barach, P., Small, S. (2000). Reporting and preventing medical mishaps: lessons from non-medical near-miss reporting system. BMJ, 320:759–63. Burden, M. (2001). Diabetes: blood glucose monitoring. Nursing Times, 36-39. Clinical Practice Guidelines. (2006). The management of patients with venous leg ulcers. London: Royal College of Nursing. Colwell, J. A., Dudley, J. D., McDonald, J. M., Metz, R., Raskin, P., Rizza, R. A., . . . Young, D. S. (1987). Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose. Diabetes Care, 95-99. Hackett, J. (March 1994). Portable Blood Glucose Monitors. Health Devices, Volume 23, No. 3, 64-97. Vickery, S., Beinhaker, K. (2012). Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM). Performing Quality Control (QC). Interprofessional Clinical Practice Standard- Procedure, 1-4. WorkSafe Services. (March 7 2014). Biological, Physical and Chemical Agents- Definition and Reporting Requirenments. Occupational Health and Safety Act, 9(2)(b), 13, 42, 43(4). What Is an Organizational Structure? What Is an Organizational Structure? Introduction What is an organizational structure? An organizational structure is a formal system to arrange the jobs and coordinates the workers in an organization to achieve a companys goal. In addition, the organizational structure of layers is organized into a hierarchical structure. Moreover, the organizational structure is a good pipeline for channel of communication, arrange tasks, and set the roles, and the relationship of the one department between other departments in an organization. 1.1 A proper organizational structure contributes to effective management. Next, a proper organizational structure needs to have some positive effect. And these positive effects are creating by the advantages of an organizational structure. Advantages of an organizational structure are easy to control and appropriate arrangements the resources to each of the different department, making it easy for employees to know to whom to report by clearly defined reporting lines, minimizing redundancy by excluding extra and unproductive processes, help to reduce the cost because control center is from the micro level to control variety cost and the organizational structure offers main issue and direction to an organization. All types of organizational structure. There are four common structure we can found within organization such as entrepreneurial structures, functional structure, divisional structure and matrix structure. Each structure area there will be having its own management structure. First, entrepreneurial structure is to maintain and manage the large enterprise and an important joint venture. In this structure every play an important roles in relationship to the chief. In addition, this structure has an important pipeline to convey the authority for all levels of management, has a very centralized bureaucratic procedure and everything will be decide by top management. Second, functional structure is a general structure in any organization. This functional structure has divided the activities of the organization into different units or special departmental groups. While each functional structure is controlled by the top level of management. Therefore, this structure is hierarchical structure and centralized structure. Third, divisional structure is basically divided into three different market sectors in an organization. These three different market structures have different tasks. The three different markets are product divisional structure, market divisional structure and geographic division structure. The product divisional structure is a group of the employees involve the production of produce specific commodities then grouped into one division. Besides that, the market divisional structure is based on the market classification of the various operations. For example: business and corporate sale division, and consumer sale division. After that, geographical division structure is a part of an organization. Geographical division structure is a group of the employees located in one geographical location then grouped into one division. For example: European division and south Asian division. The division manager in each country needs to operate the decision making in everyday. Fifth, matrix structure is a system of management and also is a complex structure which includes multiple lines of authority. In the working environment of matrix structure has different professionals together and worker report is more than one person. In addition, in this structure has combined with the basic of functional structure and a basic of project structure. 2.1 What type of business should employ what type of organizational structure? There are many types of business operate in the market so that means the company will employ different types of organizational. There are four common organizational structures such as entrepreneurial structure, functional structure, and matrix structure and divisional structure. Entrepreneurial structure is suitable for small business and in the structure just have entrepreneur and employees. In addition, in this structure only have 1 or 2 people at the top making decision. Moreover, the entrepreneur has authority to control all over aspect of the business and employees by using this structure. Examples of business using this structure are cafà © and tutorial. Functional structure is very general in the organization. In addition, this structure can divides in many different departments. Besides that, this structure is suitable for produce single product and service. Examples of business using this structure are construction and manufacturing. Matrix structure is most complex structure in this four common structure. This structure to have good coordination and information when there is a wide variety of community organizations. Examples of business using this structure are Sunway Group, IOI Group and Berjaya Group. Divisional structure is separate into many departments so easy to work, allocate tasks and controls of their departments. Examples of business using this structure are hospital, shopping center and ice-cream company. 3.1 What is event management? Event management is a process through planned and organized by event managers. It is a broad term and encompasses the allocation, control, direction and analysis of many resources like time, money and products for achieving objective. Managing and planning event is an arduous task. Therefore, business organizations will outsource the task to professional service providers. 3.1.1 The kind of events that the writer manages. The events that the writer manages are make-up show, wedding fashion show and fashion show. These events my MonaLisa Events Management (M) SDN. BHD will help to find the appropriate places for each show, the tools, and the models and so on for satisfy the customers needs and wants and the services. 3.1.2 The background of MonaLisa Events Management (M) SDN.BHD. MonaLisa Events Management (M) SDN. BHD was founded in 2000; MonaLisa offers the most complete facilities and perfect service, we satisfy customers needs and taste and requirement by according to customers. Mona Lisa has come from different professional background of professionals. We use years of experience and mature technology to tailored the customers dream exhibition. Mona Lisa offers the show of make-up, wedding fashion and fashion. We offer the best service to every customer. In addition, hope they that can achieve dreams and successful exhibition. 3.1.3 The organizational structure that the writer want to use for my company. My company is doing about the management of events and manages many types of events. In addition, my company is take the fashion line so our company will needs more different departments to complete the tasks. So, I will use the functional structure for my company structure. Generally the advantages of functional organizational structure are many. But we can see the major advantages there is always occur in functional organizational structure. Firstly, infrastructure can encourage employees to career development. Secondly, because have qualification, talent and knowledge for specialized functions and particular roles are incorporated into sub-categories within company so these benefits had created a clear career paths. Thirdly, employees are arranged on the basis of their common interests so they have opportunity to learn a lot of professional knowledge from each other. Fourthly, skilled employees of the same group can also have the opportunity working with more skilled colleagues who share their professional interests and abilities. Fifthly, the control of functional structure is increased because employees try to supervise each other work. Therefore, the working environment had become productive and enjoyable because of the employees with the spirit of learning. Next, the functional organizational structure also has major disadvantages. Firstly, the organizational of its growing product line is strained because skills and abilities of employees are narrowed and only focus on own area of specialty. Secondly, the problems of communication between departments are always occur different views and opinions because the interaction between various departments are decreased. Thirdly, the flexibility of solving problems, make changes or slow responding to customer demands or needs are create by difficult to analyze which employee is more efficient and which is not. Fourthly, this structure final decision making have to be given from the top level of management because the strategic problems are not given focuses on significant. 3.1.4 The MonaLisa Events Management (M) SDN.BHD organizational structure. For my event management the writer have choose functional structure which need event director, programme coordinator, venue coordinator, equipment coordinator and hospitality coordinator under these department. There are several department as the writer mention above. Conclusion In conclusion, the functional structure is the most general structure in every business. The businesses can use this structure to allocate the tasks be in charge of different departments. In addition, the businesses can learn and understand the ways of how to use functional structure from the major advantages and disadvantages of this type of infrastructure. Moreover, the ways of communication and coordination of each department are very good. Furthermore, the larger organizations will have more challenges so that individuals have the opportunity to realize their potential. The most successful in organizations are small to medium size and merely deal a few product types and services. For countering the weaknesses my recommendations are the company can offers the training programmed periodical. After that, the company also can mobilization the employees to different each departments. Therefore, the employees can enhance their skills and ability. For reduction of conflicting opinions, employees on each department can always held a small discussion. The small discussion is an enable employees proposed and exchange their personal opinions and ideas. Next, employees on the organization can learn how to pay particular attention to services and quality. Then, looking for niches where they can serve customers. Sometimes, employees need to listen to customers about their needs in order to satisfy customers needs. Therefore, using appropriate organization will create good talent of employees and achieve the goal in every time.

Technology Brings People Together Essay -- Technology Society Essays

Technology Brings People Together It is difficult to escape the influence of technology on modern life. It lurks behind every door: the classroom, home, office, and store. There are many who are resistant to new technology, saying that technology causes harm to society. These claims are often made without the realization that technology also includes important and indispensable parts in their life such as writing and the tools for writing. Writing was one of the first technologies invented. Technology has now become so entrenched in the majority of cultures around the world that it is hard to imagine a life or society without writing. For those that maintain a majority of technology beyond writing is harmful, imagine the difficulty in writing without the help of other technologies, which includes pencils, paper, computers, printing presses, and a number of other technological aids. In my project I attempted to write without the assistance of normal technologies that are often taken for granted. It proved a difficult undertaking. Before beginning to write I had to find something to write on. As I searched my house and yard I realized that technology-free materials are difficult to find. I eventually found a birch log by the fireplace, which was once used by Native Americans for the purpose of writing. After tearing off the bark, and shaking off the dirt I had my â€Å"paper.† The hardest part was still not over; I needed to find a replacement for the normal writing aid of a pencil or pen. I replaced ink with honey and traded a pen for a feather. My next step was the very slow process of streaking honey on the bark to form words. The honey was the same color as the birch and blended in with the wood. To f... ...deas and knowledge. Also, it is essential to understand in order to succeed in school, find information, and qualify for most jobs. New technologies continue to be created. The wisest step is to embrace the new technologies since they are unlikely to go away. Those who have the most knowledge of new technologies are able to accomplish more, and find more options available to them in life. Works Cited Baron, Dennis. â€Å"From Pencils to Pixels: The Stages of Literary Technologies.† Writing Material. Ed. Evelyn Tribble. New York. 2003. 35- 52. Ong, Walter. â€Å"Writing is a Technology that Restructures Thought.† Writing Material. Ed. Evelyn Tribble. New York. 2003. 315-335. Tribble and Trubek. Writing Material. Ed. Evelyn Tribble. New York. 2003. Twain, Mark. â€Å"The First Writing-Machines.† Writing Material. Ed. Evelyn Tribble. New York. 2003. 500-502.

Innovation Involved in the Development of the Apple Mac

In my Essay I will discuss the role of technology as it‘s incorporated as an explicit component, focusing on the conceptualisation, Invention, innovation, and diffusion of Apple technologies, specifically aiming the topics towards the development of the Apple Mac. Whilst also looking at how the fundamentals of the mac’s core competencies has a ripple effect on the development of new technology across the Apple range and how this contributed to an understanding of information technology and productivity throughout the company.The developments of the original conception of the first generation of Personal computers were focused on hard core developers who used them to write programs. From this the need for a universal machine that operates between program and Data was being conceptualised quasi-simultaneously by new innovators who had realized the need to bring the â€Å"personal computer† to the average user but couldn’t previously as it had an inchoate form . Invention Apples CEO Steve Jobs introduced the Macintosh to the market in 1984.It was the first personal computer that was affordable and using an infusion of existing technology created a machine which was a â€Å"spin off† invention that lay the foundation of the technology which we use today on a daily basis.â€Å"What makes a business resource truly strategic-what gives it the capacity to be the basis of a sustained competitive advantage you gain an edge over rivals only by having something or doing something that they can’t have or do.†- Carr â€Å"Generations acquire knowledge from the preceding generations, create new inventions with new knowledge, and transmit the modified knowledge to the next generation which is expected to create more innovations† – Thomas Schott Inventions are created in every era, most of the time as an adaptation of a previous work or concept made for the purpose of practical activity to solve some form of a problem .The invention of the Mac is attributed to Jeff Raskin whose Semiotic labor when developing the idea of the computer at an intellectual level was quickly forgotten once the Mac was seen as an amazing new invention even though the conceptual basis of the technology already existed, Apple merely amalgamated it. Once again like many times throughout history the â€Å"hero inventor† who was the Front man of the project Steve Jobs, was attributed with the creation of the Mac.When in reality the material technology was created by a team of humans pooling their intellectual knowledge and encompassing it into this new invention.The problem arises when people confuse innovation potential with practical value, assuming the lack of limits on development necessarily implies a lack of limits to its usefulness†- Steve Lohr Innovation The situation had been created where Apple has placed themselves with a competitive advantage over their competitors and as Maurice Holmes Chief Enginee r of Xerox Corp tells us â€Å"The only way we can sustain competitive advantage in I.T is to learn faster than the rest of the world† In Today’s world, Technology diffuses so rapidly it is hard for us so determine which new technologies are going to change â€Å"society† as we know it and which are going to be forgotten in the dustbin of history. Apple found itself in difficulty once its CEO was removed from the board. The new leadership wanted more products and particularly with the Mac there were new versions coming out every six months.Apple had lost its competitive advantage and was in a poor state. They survived in an extremely competitive industry by returning to its original source of sustainable advantage, a flair for design, tight integration between hardware and software particularly with the Mac and its successors and a strong brand image. Along with a CEO whose goals were to innovate the technology of the future which would change the world.They wer e in a position to Pursue the innovations of The Mac and the new handheld device market more so than their competitors’ as they knew competitors would have a hard time adapting their strategies, being either held back by the need for new technological changes, infrastructure changes or timeframe constraints to adapt to the new markets. â€Å"Some companies may find that the risks of aggressive innovation outweigh the potential benefits, there are still times when it makes strategic sense to get out in front ahead of the game† – Carr DiffusionA perfect example of someone coming into a market as a late adaptor is Apple. They took great advantage from previous products made from other companies. By observing the new products which were being constantly diffused and tracking trending patterns Apple were able to see what the consumer wanted, more importantly what the other products lacked. The application of their ability to create cutting edge designs, and manufactu re this to the highest of quality and couple it with the well established brand apple exploded into the market.â€Å"The technological progress has no bounds, and acts of innovation can and will demolish all barriers to growth and success† –Carr Technology has been into the workplace at an exponentially increasing rate over the last few decades. Many companies see new technology as the means to increase profit margins and to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving marketplace.Apple is the market leaders because they have been able to penetrate major markets in the U.S such as the private and public sector, education and transport. The increase in this technology, over the last decade in particular the Apple brand has increasingly become more successful is their constant focus on user-experience. Many businesses have benefited from incorporating the Mac and other apple products into their businesses organisations. One of the more notable businesses is Pepsi-Co. â€Å" With iPhone and iPod, we can be more efficient and get in front of problems before they even happen.†- Brian SpearmanThe Mac, along with the IPhone and Ipad have transformed Pepsi’s business operations substantially through their logistics demand having to be coordinated, communications systems, their Mac and IPhone Apps and even manage their orders to meet retail and consumer demand. There is no question that the efficiency of the Mac and the apple brand has caused some companies to realize that they may not need as much man power because the technology is there to replace them.Taking into mind a decade ago information technology only: â€Å"delivered great benefits to a handful of firms, but for most it has been a source of frustration and disappointment than of glory. It was a simple factor of production, a commodity input that was necessary for competitiveness but insufficient for advantage† –Carr Now technology is not only being implemented into organ isations but is transforming and surpassing human capacities in certain fields.ConclusionSome distinctions do penetrate our discourse as it becomes useful to us. The Macintosh has evolved into Apple’s current lines of computers, the iMacs, Mac Mini, MacBook’s, and more, but the original Macintosh system will always be an icon, and an innovative product that changed the way we use computers and what we use them for. It has helped apple go from selling computers to becoming a top seller in IPods, and now more recently the strongest brand in the smartphone market and one of the most recognisable brands in the world.It can be seen that the distinctions between the conceptualisation, invention, innovation and diffusion of the Apple Mac are essential. Through the original idea of the computer and the concept of the need for a universal computer, and how this idea has developed and seen the invention of new technology of the Mac and the many different versions we have seen si nce its invention.From the invention of this new technology, Apple have innovated the way we interact with each other had have also played an essential role in how businesses are able to run their companies more effectively and efficiently, cutting out non-essential costs where they are no longer needed and replacing them with technology. Through the constant diffusion of new innovation products it is clear to be seen that Apple as a company have reaped the reward of being the an early adaptor, taking the first step into an new market and flourishing it into a strong brand and making it a part of our everyday life.

Passive Voice What is Passive Voice How to Improve it with Examples

Passive Voice What is Passive Voice How to Improve it with Examples Passive Voice: What Is Passive Voice How to Improve It with Examples Passive voice has its purposes. It really does. In fact, it can be the politically correct way to phrase something.Imagine†¦The setting: a public school libraryThe players: a librarian (OK, I’m the librarian) and 15 first gradersThe scene: The librarian is reading aloud nonfiction books about sharks.The question: â€Å"Why do sharks _______________?† (some intriguing behavior too complex or gory for me to explain or possibly even understand)The passive voice answer that keeps me employed in a public school: â€Å"That’s the way they were made.†The active voice answer that I would tell my grandchildren: â€Å"God made them that way.†Heres what youll learn about passive voice:What is passive voice?How much passive voice can you use?How to choose to use passive or active voiceActive voice examplesHow to vary your sentence varietyHow to find your percent of passive voiceNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, ma rketing, and publishing process in our VIP Selfs:ACTIVE: I love reading.PASSIVE: Reading is loved by me.ACTIVE: AC/DC Thunder won the game easily.PASSIVE: The game was won easily by AC/DC Thunder.With students, the focus is on active voice; with a professional writer like yourself, you will most likely have a blend of both active and passive sentences, but active should still far outweigh passive.Active VS Passive Voice with ExamplesFrom Billboards â€Å"The Biggest Hits of All: The Hot 100s All-Time Top 100 Songs† I selected songs that used active voice in their titles. (WHO selected them? I selected them. That’s another easy example of active voice.)Here are song titles along with a rewrite in passive voice:â€Å"I Love Rock ‘N Roll† * Rock ‘N Roll Is Loved by Meâ€Å"I Gotta Feeling† * A Feeling Was Gotten by Meâ€Å"You Light Up My Life† * My Life Was Lit Up by You†Ã¢â‚¬Å"We Found Love† * Love Was Found by Usâ€Å"I Wan t to Hold Your Hand† * Your Hand Is What I Want to Holdâ€Å"Another One Bites the Dust† * The Dust Was Bitten by Another Oneâ€Å"I Will Always Love You† * You Will Always Be Loved by Meâ€Å"I Heard It Through the Grapevine† * It Was Heard Through the Grapevine by MeSentences with the understood subject (you) have an imperative active voice which is much more authoritative than passive tense:(You)† Un-Break My Heart† * My Heart Should Be Unbroken by You(You) â€Å"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree† * A Yellow Ribbon Should Be Tied Round the Ole Oak Tree by You(You) â€Å"Let the Sunshine In† * The Sunshine Should Be Let In by You(You) â€Å"Play That Funky Music† * That Funky Music Should Be Played by YouConversely, this next song title has a passive voice that works: â€Å"That’s What Friends Are For† (better than Friends Are for That).With the rewrites changing active voice to passive, did you dis cern a pattern where many of them ended with a prepositional phrase containing the person doing the action?Think of gossip. People want to know who is doing what! (They really did that? You’re kidding!) Put the subject right at the beginning so everyone knows whom you’re talking (writing) about and what they did!How to Vary Your Sentence Variety Using Passive Voice and Active VoiceIf you have the same subject over and over and if the object is more of the point anyway, passive voice allows for sentence variety.Furthermore, if it doesn’t matter who did the action because the result is the point, passive voice works.The chairs in the old high school library were refinished and moved to the new library weeks before the tables were moved. Temporary chairs were in the high school library. I needed the tables from the old elementary library to sort the genre boxes, so students had chairs, but no tables for a while. The elementary students enjoyed sitting at the  "invisible† tables and joked how they didn’t have to push in their chairs when they left.After class, a first grader told his teacher very sincerely, â€Å"The tables really are invisible!†I smile whenever I think of his endearing comment.Passive voice rationale: It didn’t matter who had refinished and moved the chairs or who had put temporary chairs in the high school library. I hadn’t done those things, and those details would not have added to the book. Nonetheless, I had completed the genrefication project (where the library was totally reorganized by book genres). I didn’t want to start almost every sentence with â€Å"I + action verb + direct object.† It would sound awkward to repeatedly start sentences with â€Å"I did this, I did that, I, I, I†¦.†Passive Voice Checker How to Determine Your Percent of Passive VoiceBeyond the basic spelling and grammar check (which can be helpful with tools like Grammarly or even Hem ingway Editor) is Word’s readability feature.It tells you various details about your writing, including the percentage of passive sentences, the Flesch Reading Ease, and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. For example, the segment about the chairs and the invisible tables scored an 8.8 Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level, which means it was written at a reading level where an 8th grader in the 8th month of school should be able to comprehend the text.Many teen and adult fiction books are written at 4th 6th-grade reading levels (based on Accelerated Reader scoring) because the writing flows at those levels for recreational reading compared to reading to learn new information. Newspapers may rank more at a 10th-grade reading level, depending on the complexity of the information.If you are using Word and would like to know your percentage of passive sentences and readability scores, here’s what you do:Go to Review at the top of Word.Select Spelling Grammar from the top left.Select Op tions from the pop-up.Select Settings at the bottom of the next pop up (next to Writing style:)Then scroll down until you see Passive Voice and check the boxSelect OK and youll now be able to check your passive voice in WordIn case you were wondering (and even if you weren’t), this article was written at a 6.7 reading level with 6% sentences being passive.Now check some of your writing and see if you agree with your results. By the way, I just took my own advice here and checked my children’s picture book, The Flower Fairies Meet the Talking Rainbow Rocks. It contains 4% passive sentences (acceptable to me) but has a 4.1 reading level, which is higher than I would have guessed and higher than I had planned for a picture book.My book’s science-related terms increased the reading level. Word’s readability tool actively helps with various writing considerations beyond passive voice. You may use it purely for passive voice, but it will tell you even more.Acti ve writing is lively writing. It is aggressive in the most positive sense. It burrows in there and zooms straight to the point. Stay active with your writing, and stay active in your writing.Are you ready to write a bestseller?Together we can take your writing up a notch and you can self-publish a book that becomes the next bestseller!

Hemoglobin D essays

Hemoglobin D essays Hemoglobin D (Hb D) is not a common disease but it when it does rear its ugly head it usually does so in India, Pakistan or Iran. It was first discovered in 1951 and differs from the other hemoglobin diseases by producing clinically significant conditions like sickle cell anemia and chronic hemolytic anemia of moderate severity (Desai 2004) Hb D usually presents with a mild hemolytic anemia and a mild to moderate splenomegaly. Differentiating Hb D with other hemoglobin diseases is usually done by the zero thalassemia and the fact that it has also been reported to be associated with hematological malignancies. (Desai 2004 pg 13) The disease itself is relatively rare and rather difficult to study due to its rarity. When it is found it is normally done so in north west India or additionally in Pakistan, Iran and other Asian countries such as Thailand. A common variation of the Hb D has been named Hb D-Punjab due to its occurrences in the Punjab region. Basic biochemical properties for Hb D include the normal Hb properties with a substitution of the G AA C AA substitution at condon 121. In addition to that substitution, there is the -28 (AÂ ¡uG) mutation for the thalassemia alleles. One recent study shows that the Hb D-Punjab version can also be associated with haplotype. A-Globin gene haplotype analysis demonstrated, for the first time, that all these Asian AD-Punjab globin genes were associated with haplotype [-++-+++], previously undescribed in other populations. (Fucharoen 2002 pg 261) Fucharoen's study showed that finding of Hb D-Punjab in Thailand is compatible either with an independent origin of this abnormal hemoglobin or a spread of the Hb D-Punjab gene with a single origin among Asians. (Fuchareon 2002 ab) Desai stated that, The main differential for homozygous Hb D disease is Hb D-beta zero thalassemia. Hb D has also been reported to be associated with hematological ma...

Aboriginal Contributions to Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aboriginal Contributions to Canada - Essay Example rature and warfare.This paper on Aboriginal contributions to Canada discusses the various contributions made by them in the field of transportation. Some of the key contributions of the Aboriginals to Canada in the field of transportation include – birch bark canoes, the Kayak, snowshoes, toboggans, moccasins, and the muklucks. Aboriginal contribution in the field of transportation:The Canadian landscape and climate is diverse and uneven in nature. Most of the regions experienced severe snowfall thus restricting the access to food. Also the agriculturists lived along the river banks, and the only feasible mode of transportation was the river.The wheeled vehicles were largely absent due to lack of animals such as camels or horses,to draw the carriages,the waterways were the only convenient routes of travel for the aboriginals,who used canoes to transport their properties from one place to the other, as well as for trade purposesThe birch bark canoes are considered as one of the greatest contributions from the aboriginal people to Canada. Figure 1: A birch bark canoe Source: http://www.birchbarkcanoe.net/builder.htm The canoes which were made from barks of the birch trees were found in abundance along the banks of the Great Lakes watershed (Johansen, Pritzker, 2007). The barks of this tree were known for being extremely lightweight and smooth and were waterproof and resilient (Sandved et al., 1993). The Algonquians tribes used different modes of transportation depending on the seasons. The birch bark canoes were mostly used during the summer (Rogers, Smith, 1994) while in winter, when the waterways freezed, majority of the travel had to be done via land. Since most of the land during winter was covered in snow, the aboriginals had to invent an alternative means of transport, which resulted in the invention of the snow shoes and toboggans (Jenness, 1932). The aboriginals used various types of snowshoes depending on the condition of snow as well as the quant ity of weight being carried while travelling from one place to another. For instance, the Mistassini tribe used beavertail snowshoes, which were primarily used by the men, while travelling through the bush and when the snow was deep. The women on the other hand used the swallowtail snowshoes, which was used during early winter. Apart from these, there were various other styles of snowshoes used by the aboriginals such as the pointed snowshoes, the bear paw and the narrow snowshoes (Sturtevant, 1981). Figure 2: Various types of snowshoes used by the aboriginals Source: http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Ground/english/exhibition/mfn/snowshoes.html Moccasins are another recent contribution to mainstream culture. The Moccasin is a type of footwear native to the Aboriginals. The word derived from the Algonquian tribe, and is used to refer to a type of footwear made out of soft leather and sewn together in a 'slipper-like' form. Traditionally this type of footwear was made from deer or moose hide, and decorated with exotic beadwork or quillwork or other similar aboriginal designs. They are one of the most crucial forms of transportation, and could be used in any season. The fur used ensures enough protection to the feet, and retains warmth during winter (Beavon et al., 2005). Thus not only did the aboriginal tribes taught