Monday, August 24, 2020

Into the wild music Essay Example For Students

Into the wild music Essay Wild isn't just an extraordinary novel, however it has additionally been reproduced as a film, which is impeccable in itself and is joined by a soundtrack that is difficult to overlook. Eddie Evaders melody, Hard Sun, is played in the start of the film when Chris is at first beginning his Journey. He is driving on the interstate in his Datas 210, as the mood melodies is playing, Oh theres a major, a major hard sun beating on the individuals, in a major hard world (Eddie Evader). This tune isn't Just a spread played by Pearl Jams one and only Eddie Evader. It is significant in the manner it depicts the life of Christopher Mishandles as he begins his break from the huge hard world. Another of Eddies tunes, The Wolf, is played just after the flashback of when Choristers guardians are battling. It isn't actually obvious to me regarding what Eddie is stating when he sings this tune, yet it is amazingly miserable and threatening. This tune underscores Chrisms emotions towards his folks and why he genuinely deserted everything. The name of the tune, The Wolf, is conceivably representative of Chrisms father, a forceful and harsh man, in that his dad and a wolf are both horrible ND disagreeable. On an increasingly positive note, the melody Rise, by Eddie Evader, is played two or multiple times all through the film, in any case, I recall the tune playing as flying creatures skip in the sea and Chris is therefore descending a slope. Almost every stanza of this melody is important and identifies with the movie: Such is the behavior that most people find acceptable You can never realize Just where to put all your confidence And in what capacity will it develop Goanna ascend Burning dark openings in dull recollections Turning botches into gold Such is the progression of time Too quick to crease And unexpectedly gulped by signs Low and view Find my course attractively Throw down my secret weapon. - Eddie Evader The melody almost talks the considerations and convictions of Christopher as it discusses how the types of behavior that most people will accept as normal are flighty and that it is difficult to anticipate how ones Into the wild music By western appear or sound as though Ch ristopher life didn't turn out consummately, yet he is goanna ascend, copying dark gaps in dim recollections. Goanna ascend, transforming botches into gold. As referenced previously, Chris has a flashback to when his folks are battling and the melody The Wolf is playing. These are the dull recollections that he is consuming dark openings into while he proceeds with his Journey, which is the thing that transforms his slip-ups into gold. The dark openings that Eddie sings are critical in that they allude to the endless dark gaps in space, and how these dark gaps are our solitary practical way out of the universe and into an interminable universe of conceivable outcomes. While Eddie Evader contributed a lot of melodies to the Into the Wild soundtrack, so did a few different craftsmen, for example, MAC Hammer. In the scene when Chris is kayaking down the rapids brave, and without a protective cap, the tune Cant Touch This y MAC Hammer goes ahead and the state of mind is set starting there on. I can possibly envision that if Christopher is pondering anything at that point, it must be, cannot contact this. He is at long last free and feeling immune as he grasps the endowments of nature, for example, the white water rapids. Finally, my main tune of the film King of the Road by Roger Miller is played when Christopher is making a trip from Mexico to LA on a cargo train. As the Jingle goes, third freight car 12 PM train, goal Bangor Maine, Old destroyed suit and shoes, I dont take care of no association obligations. Christopher is unintentionally in an oxcart as this melody is played, feeling as though he is the lord of the street. .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 , .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 .postImageUrl , .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 , .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14:hover , .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14:visited , .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14:active { border:0!important; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14:active , .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u7b45b5dcd9c276203 3126445a2a67c14 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7b45b5dcd9c2762033126445a2a67c14:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Music and Critical Thinking Questions EssayHe doesnt need to take care of any obligations, or tune in to anybody yet himself as he continues with his Journey. This film, be that as it may, would be Just as incredible without its soundtrack. I really appreciate the piece of the film when Christopher sees a knew about Moose in the wake of having shown up at the enchantment transport just two or three days prior. Each time I see this piece of the film I get the chills since everything about the scene is so basic and lovely. Christopher is remaining on the mountainside as he sees a gathering of Moose come out f the trees, with the persp ective on the mountains behind them. This is the snapshot of the film when Christopher is generally content, which is clear when you see the expression all over. He looks as though he had Just won a million dollars, or had gotten hitched. Nonetheless, none of those materialistic things matter to him. All that he needs in life is directly before him: nature and its magnificence. I sincerely feel that the whole film is incredible, notwithstanding, in the event that I could transform one thing I would make the film significantly more centered around Christopher than it as of now is. There is so much that is in the book that isn't in the film, and bad habit refrain. Nonetheless, the entirety of the additional Junk in the film is ordinarily about the hippy couple he meets and Slab City. I don't think these scenes made the film inadmissible, yet I do imagine that they were somewhat pointless and could be supplanted with scenes that relate more to the book and Chrisms life. The chief of the film might consider including more scenes in which Christopher is the storyteller, rather than his sister. I accept this would increase the value of the film and would enable the crowd to interface with the Christopher, particularly if the crowd has not perused the book.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Autobiography of Malcolm X

What Is the importance of the title? Does It have a surface or more profound significance? The title â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† is a book of Malcolm Ax's biography, which is a ground-breaking voice in our dark history. During his lifetime he experienced a few huge changes in his way of life and convictions. A considerable lot of these things were affected by his movements, life occasions and who he came Into contact with. 2. Distinguish the setting's recorded essentialness During Malcolm Ax's lifetime he made a trip to numerous spots in the United States just as out of the country.He was conceived In Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm father, Earl Little, was a voyaging Baptist serve so they moved around in the US. At seventeen years old Malcolm moved to Boston, Massachusetts. This is the place he started to engage with drugs, betting, drinking, pimps, and taking. 3. Accomplishes this work mention a political objective fact about African American culture? Does it sustain harm ing generalizations and fantasies about African Americans or does it flatten these legends and generalizations? Malcolm X kept on hopping around in his beliefs.This makes me wonder If he lived longer would he have still accepted something very similar. From when he was a youngster, an adolescent in Boston, jail, following under Elijah Muhammad, to making his own religion. Malcolm concentrated the greater part of his life on individuals being predisposition. Toward the start of his book he said that his dad was even predisposition Like the whites. He treated Malcolm extraordinary, contrasted with his siblings and sisters; he said It was on the grounds that he was fair looking. Did his dad state this or Is this Just Malcolm opinion?Who in this world isn't predisposition about something it may not be shade of skin, however budgetary prosperity, foundation or legacy. I'm not saying this Justifies being bias against African Americans. Be that as it may, in the event that you are continua lly searching for something you will perceive what you're looking for, regardless of whether It truly Isn't there. Which Is something I fell Malcolm X does more than once for an incredible duration. Race is constantly raised in his contentions. Doesn't he need a superior for the dark network? He is censuring his own people.Is this what we need African American's to be viewed as, trashing their own race. Malcolm depicts as an irate dark male against the whites, judgment ought not been applied out of frustration. Malcolm is continually against the whites and the African Americans that have improved a real existence in as of now cap was a white world. Change is progressive; the dark network is evaluating the new waters and openings they were given. Malcolm X Is known as an extraordinary dark extremist, however I see that his instructing of how to be an Independent African American people group was not a compelling way.Blacks are referred to today as larger part of the number of inhabit ants in our detainment facilities and dominant part of single family homes. Should the dark network keep on lecturing Malcolm backing of brutality as answer to these issues? We should show independence and a solid male nearness In the family unit. Malcolm taught these things anyway he didn't instruct peacefulness, which I accept is a key piece of this issue. 5. Distinguish a suitable crowd for this work. Accomplishes this work have widespread appeal?Before I state what crowd this work is fitting for; I figure I ought to inquire as to whether Malcolm X was a pioneer that ought to be followed. Malcolm was conceived in destitution and grew up as a difficulty young person. After jail Malcolm completely changed him and turned into a pioneer for the dark network. Is it accurate to say that he was a pioneer that ought to be followed? Did he help the dark network step forward as a gathering of individuals needing equivalent opportunity and rights? There were numerous chronicled pioneers tha t drove gatherings of individuals that had efferent perspectives to another pioneer. In any case, which pioneer offered way to a superior lifestyle?I could contend that this work is fitting for youthful dark guys. That it could be moving for them to see a man go from destitution to a chronicled pioneer. In any case, do we need these youthful dark guys to admire a pioneer that didn't generally change the world for the great? I figure we should check whether today, after fifty years, the development Malcolm drove has profited the dark network. Malcolm turned out to be profoundly associated with the developing strife of the social equality development. As an extreme dark pioneer, Malcolm X upheld dark pride and budgetary self-reliance.He eventually rose to turn into a widely acclaimed African American and human rights dissident. I think Malcolm Ax's conviction of getting confident and building a solid dark family unit is the thing that each individual ought to take a stab at. Be that a s it may, his grip of viciousness is something I don't accept is an approach to survive and be perceived as a dark network needing their own chances and freedom. I despite everything feel like today savagery is utilized in want to pick up opportunity and openings. This would cause me to falter to exhortation a youthful dark male to peruse this work while searching for direction.

Friday, July 17, 2020

How Are Scores on IQ Tests Calculated

How Are Scores on IQ Tests Calculated Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Are Scores on IQ Tests Calculated? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Updated on February 20, 2020 Sean Gladwell / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Youve probably heard of IQ tests and understand that they measure intelligence. People talk a lot about IQ scores, but the fact is that many people are not quite sure what these scores really mean. What exactly is a high IQ score? What is an average IQ? What kind of score does it take to be considered a genius? In order to understand what all these numbers really mean, it is important to understand how scores on these tests are calculated. While many tests utilize similar methods to derive their scores, it is also important to note that each test is different and scoring methods may not be the same from one test to another.?? IQ Tests Are Standardized In order to adequately assess and interpret test scores, scientists who develop IQ tests use a process known as standardization. What exactly does this mean? The standardization process involves administering the test to a representative sample of the entire population that will eventually take the test.?? This initial sample represents the total population as accurately as possible and reflects many of the things that are present in the general population. For example, a representative sample should include the same percentage of individuals of certain sexes and ages as one would find in the total population.   Each test taker completes the test under the same conditions as all other participants in the sample group. This process allows IQ test developers to establish norms, or standards, by which individual scores can be compared. Most IQ Tests Are Normally Distributed Intelligence test scores typically follow what is known as a normal distribution, a bell-shaped curve in which the majority of scores lie near or around the average score. For example, the majority of scores (about 68%) on the Wechsler series of intelligence tests tend to lie between plus 15 or minus 15 points from the average score of 100. This means that approximately 68% of people who take this test will score somewhere between 85 and 115. As you look further toward the extreme ends of the distribution, scores tend to become less common. How common are very high IQ scores? Very few individuals (approximately 0.2%) receive a score of more than 145 (indicating a very high IQ) or less than 55 (indicating a very low IQ) on the test. In many cases, an IQ score that falls below 70 is considered low IQ, while a score of about 140 indicates high IQ. In the past, scores below 70 were used as a marker to identify intellectual disabilities. Today, test scores alone are not enough to diagnose an intellectual disability and diagnosticians also consider factors such as the age of onset and adaptive skills. A Closer Look at IQ Scores The following is a rough breakdown of various IQ score ranges. Some tests present scores differently and with differing interpretations of what those scores might mean. However, it is important to remember that IQ tests are only one measure of intelligence. Many experts suggest that other important elements contribute to intelligence, including social and emotional factors. Some experts even suggest that these social and emotional skills actually matter more than IQ when it comes to determining success in life.??   IQ Classifications IQ Level Descriptive Classification 130+ Very Superior 120 to 129 Superior 110 to 119 High Average 90 to 109 Average 80 to 89 Low Average 70 to 79 Borderline 69 below Intellectual Disability These classifications come from the Wechsler series of IQ tests for children and adults. What Do IQ Tests Measure? There are a number of different intelligence tests in existence and their content can vary considerably.?? French psychologist Alfred Binet was the first to develop a formal test of intelligence and a form of his original test is still in use today as the Stanford-Binet intelligence test. Later, psychologist Charles Spearman developed a concept of general intelligence, or a general mental ability to perform a wide variety of cognitive tasks. Modern intelligence tests often focus on abilities such as mathematical skills, memory, spatial perception, and language abilities. The capacity to see relationships, solve problems, and remember information are important components of intelligence, so these are often the skills on which IQ tests focus. Some commonly used intelligence tests include the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Stanford-Binet, the Cognitive Assessment System, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Important Points to Remember A few key things to remember about how IQ scores are calculated: IQ test scores are normally distributed and follow a roughly bell-shaped curveModern IQ tests compare individuals of the same age groupReliable IQ tests should provide consistent results. People should score roughly the same each time they take the test.While higher IQ scores are linked to increased health, academic performance, and overall well-being, these scores do not necessarily predict an individuals success in life. A Word From Verywell IQ tests are among the most commonly administered psychological tests. In order to understand what these scores really mean, it is essential to look at exactly how these test scores are calculated. Today, many tests are standardized and scores are derived by comparing individual performance against the norms for the individuals age group. While IQ scores can reveal information about an individuals abilities in certain domains, it is also important to remember that other factors, including such things as adaptive skills, emotional intelligence, and task performance, are also important indicators of an individuals capabilities.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Information About The Housing Patterns, Libraries And...

As an educational leader, one must be aware of the assets of the community served by the school, where the students coexist outside the walls of the school, and what the community offers to those who reside in it. The aim of this report is to convey information about the housing patterns, libraries and bookstores, food resources, hospitals and healthcare providers, social and community agencies, recreational settings, and activities located in this community and its impact on equity. The method used to gather information about the community in the attendance zone for Richard J Wilson Elementary School was through a community walk and other data resources. The equity audit was developed to gather knowledge of all the limitations and†¦show more content†¦Most of the houses were constructed before the 1950’s (Figure 3). The houses that were not deteriorating showed evidence of renovations (Figure 4). Conditions of the inside of the house in terms of comfort and safety for its residents are unknown. Figure 3. Years of construction for Wilson attendance zone. Figure 4. Samples of housing in area. This photo illustrates the contrast of deteriorating houses and houses which have been renovated. There are many indicators from the US Census (2011-2015) that give a clue to the socio-economic conditions of a community. The level of homeownerships gives a picture of how vested residents are in a community. Usually a homeowner is more invested in a community and its maintenance than a tenant because they have literally invested their capital in that community. (REALTORS ®, August 2010) The US Census (2011-2015) showed higher levels of rented accommodations instead of homeownership in this area (Figure 5). This was also observed during the community walk. Figure 5: Proportion of Households with Various Income Sources in 76110 in 2011-2015 (U. S. Census, 2011-2015). The median monthly mortgage payment for owners was $1,237, for non-mortgage owners was $421, and for renters was $774. An estimated 28% of owners had mortgages, 16% of owners had no mortgages, and 55% of were tenants. In the 76110 area, residents spent 30% orShow MoreRelated2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesCustomer Relationships and Satisfaction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 13 Category 4—Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management 4.1 4.2 Measurement, Analysis, and Review of Organizational Performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Information and Knowledge Management †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 17 Category 5—Human Resource Focus 5.1 5.2 5.3 Work Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Staff Learning and Motivation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Staff Well-Being and Satisfaction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 21 24 Category 6—Process Management Read More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesPatient and Other Customer Relationships and Satisfaction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 13 Category 4—Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management 4.1 4.2 Measurement, Analysis, and Review of Organizational Performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Information and Knowledge Management †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 17 Category 5—Human Resource Focus 5.1 5.2 5.3 Work Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Staff Learning and Motivation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Staff Well-Being and Satisfaction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 21 24 Category 6—Process Management 6.1 6Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pages CONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagestextbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalizeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmanufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. JudgeRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageschanges at the high-tech multinational. Web Reservations International – growth of an Irish SME company through its online reservation system and business model. NHS Direct – using communication and information technology to provide new ‘gateways’ to public services. Doman Synthetic Fibres – resource planning for new products in the synthetic fibres industry. Marks Spencer (B) – turnaround at the high street legend. Haram – managing change in a small Norwegian commune. RACC – strategy developmentRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesGoodshoot/PunchStock Media Project Mana ger: Balaji Sundararaman Compositor: Aptara ®, Inc. Typeface: 10/12 Times Roman Printer: Quad/Graphics All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Luthans, Fred. International management : culture, strategy, and behavior / Fred Luthans, Jonathan P. Doh.—8th ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: International management / Richard M. Hodgetts, Fred Luthans, Jonathan

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Diversity, Diversity And Inclusion Are Key Components For...

In today’s workforce, diversity and inclusion are key components for organizational success. Companies who realize that their human assets are one of the most, if not the most, important resource available to them aim to create an environment that embraces the similarities and differences present in its employees. Additionally, these organizations create a culture in which inclusion is a core component, advocated and demonstrated at all levels. One diversity characteristic is that of age. Due to many reasons, such as medical advances and the economic recession (Meister Willyerd, 2009), older generations are putting off retirement. This delay in retirement has changed the landscape of today’s workforce; there are currently four distinct generations within the workforce (Coughlin, n.d.) and by 2020, there will be five (Meister Willyerd, 2009). This generational spread creates unique challenges for both managers and employees alike. The Traditionalists Born before 1945, the Traditionalist generation comprises 8% of the U.S. workforce (Murphy, 2007). Having grown up during the Great Depression, this generation views employment as a privilege (Bursch Kelly, 2014). This generation is conservative, in both manner and dress, and holds traditional values of the importance of family, community and country (Murphy, 2007). Traditionalists have strong work ethics, discipline and stability. They value formal authority/subordinate roles and prefer managers who are respectful,Show MoreRelatedBenefits Of Diversity And Inclusion1657 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Diversity and inclusion are hot topics in today’s business world. While treating individuals fairly and equally is a social imperative, it is also extremely important to the success of a business. With the changing demographics of society and its affect on the American workforce, organizations must truly embrace diversity and inclusion. â€Å"For companies to succeed in the global marketplace, they must make the most of the full range of their people. Companies must attract and retain theRead MoreOrganizational Diversity At The Workplace1355 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Diversity in the Workplace I. Introduction: Today, more and more organizations are moving towards the analysis of how to implement diversity as a core value. For an organization to hold people accountable for diversity expectations, leaders must implement, have a clear understanding, and practice diversity policies and procedures (Williams, 2013). By outlining a foundation together with a lateral approach leaders can encourage diversity understanding (Williams, 2013). KnowledgeableRead MoreThe Value Of Ethical Conduct And Managing Diversity Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Issue: The Value of Ethical Conduct and Managing Diversity Review of Subject This essay explores what Organizational Behavior (OB) is and the value of ethical conduct, and discusses the methods of managing diversity taking into consideration socializing and organization culture. OB is a study of the people in organization, about how they work, and how they produce results. Organizational ethical conducts are those morally accepted by the employees, the customers, and the public. It couldRead MoreManagement and Diversity3341 Words   |  14 PagesManaging Careers and Diversity HRM 565: Developing Human Capital Dr. Geraldine Puleo Strayer University December 16, 2012 Abstract Susan Jackson states in Diversity in the Workplace: Human Resource Initiatives that, â€Å"Surveys of business leaders confirm the perception that interest in managing diversity successfully is widespread. In a study of 645 firms, 74% of the respondents were concerned about diversity, and of these about one-third felt that diversity effected corporateRead MoreEnterprise Rent A Car : Sustaining Organizational Learning And A Strong Culture1526 Words   |  7 PagesRent-a-Car: Sustaining Organizational Learning and a Strong Culture Organizational learning helps companies to maintain adaptability and flexibility in the modern business world. A strong culture teaches employees values, views, purpose, belonging, and sense of identity, Enterprise Rent-a-Car strong culture has held the organization together and motivated their employees to do the right thing rather than what is easy. They believe that having a winning culture helps to execute organizational learning andRead MoreOrganizational Culture Assesment1717 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis B: Organizational Culture Assessment Life is stressful and the value of the healthy organization is measured by the quality of the work-life balance of the employees. Even the best-managed organizations have stressors occurring on the regular and the irregular periods. Those regular stressors, such as quarterly reports or financial tides are expected. The unplanned and often unsuspected stressors occur within the organization. These unplanned stressors will create chaos and an unhealthyRead MoreThe Ancient Perspective Of Leadership1633 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide a comprehensive info of the learner’s leadership style, its strength and weaknesses. In addition, a probe will be undertaken to discuss the ability to manage change; build and maintain relationship; the tenets of ethical behaviors and diversity and inclusion as associated to the learner’s leadership style. This paper will also explore the skills that make the learner an effective leader and also outline what the learner has achieved from the c ourse to aid her advance and progress into an effectiveRead MoreSalary Issues1584 Words   |  7 PagesReferences Bible Study Tools. New International Version. Retrieved September 2, 2017 from http://www.biblestudytools.com/ Kinicki, A., Fugate, M. (2016). Organizational behavior: A practical, problem-solving approach plus Connect. McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 9781260082203. Fischer, K. (2012). A Worldwide Perspective on Organizational Behavior [Video Presentation]. Weeks 1-3. (Available from Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24515) Reply Quote MarkRead MoreEssay on Contributions of Diversity to the Workplace2268 Words   |  10 PagesContributions of Diversity to the Workplace Diverse employees bring a wealth of creativity, insights, and skills to their jobs; it is up to employers to recognize, cultivate, and value these contributions (Walton, Sally, 1994). Diversity is about setting a mindset of valuing the differences in people and recognizing the similarities, it is not only about achieving results. Once this way of thinking is established, the benefits of cultural diversity in the workplace tend to come naturally, (GoesslRead MoreStarbucks Strategy1531 Words   |  7 PagesStarbucks Organizational Culture that has led to its phenomenal success, the effects of managements’ decisions on the company, the one key management competency of the company, and the success of the current CEO and whether Starbucks would be successful without him. Starbucks has many key elements in its cultural organization that has led to its phenomenal success. Some of these organizational cultures include: Legendary service, diversity, organizational structure, and organizational ethics

Microeconomics in my Life Free Essays

The role of microeconomics in every person’s life is enormous; therefore, it is very important to study it. The objects of microeconomics surround us all the time. Microeconomics studies the aspects of functioning of all companies, and we deal with various companies throughout our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics in my Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now I shop for food and clothes in stores, go to movie theaters to see popular movies, buy stationary at Home Depot, transfer funds through banks. All of these companies function according to certain laws, which are all studied in microeconomics. My favorite brand of car is Toyota, and microeconomics is able to determine what the most efficient volume of production for the company is. It is able to give the managers an answer to the question of what the most efficient combination of their resources should be, i.e., how many employees they should employ, how many materials they should get from suppliers and many other issues. We constantly have to go shopping, and deal with prices which are established according to supply and demand, cost of production and other factors. Whenever the price of tomatoes in the store goes to the roof, we usually see a note in the store that the crops in Florida turned out not as large as it was predicted or that the hurricanes destroyed all of the crops. Even though the same tomatoes cost half the price just a short time ago, we realize that the law of supply and demand has been efficiently applied here. The demand for tomatoes remained the same, but the supply decreased dramatically and thus prices were destined to increase. I also deal with the concept of elasticity all of the time. Companies never make discounts on products the demand for which is inelastic because the volume of sales is going to remain stable anyway. Therefore, there is usually hardly a chance for me to get such products for a lower price. However, I am always a good shopper when it comes to products with high elasticity because companies decrease their prices on such items from time to time to attract more customers. For example, there is always a chance to buy some clothes on sale. I deal with the concept of utility all of the time in my life as well. Some of the products have a high level of utility for me, and I am going to buy them at any price because I am simply unable to live without them. For example, DVD’s of my favorite movies are extremely valuable for me, and I am ready to pay any money to be able to see my favorite actor or actress. At the same time, some items have a very low utility for me, and only low price on such items is able to attract me. I am the type of person who always judges products by their utility for me and not by how fashionable they are. Like every person, I am forced to deal with various market forms, such as perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, or monopolistic competition. In most cases, I see the market of monopolistic competition because there are very many items with slightly different features. The market of the United States has very many companies which produce similar items but try to attract consumers by unique features and by efficient advertising. For example, there are very many producers of cars in the United States. There are also many multinational companies based in the United States which produce cars, for example, Japanese Toyota, Korean Honda and many others. They all produce cars which have quite similar features. All of these manufacturers come up with various models of cars so that they can attract people who like sports cars, who have children, who need to travel in the mountains, or who need fuel-efficient cars. Every manufacturer tries to come up with some unique feature which competitors do not have. To some extent, it is very good for me as a consumer because competitors are fighting for customers and thus they constantly introduce new great deals for us. I am able to fight the model of the car which I want and perhaps even get it at a lower price. I also often deal with oligopolistic competitors. The market of providers of wireless phones is not as large as the car market. There are some major players in it, and I have to choose among the most powerful of them. It was very challenging for me to decide whether to use the services of T-Mobile or Verizon, but I finally made a choice for Verizon. Oligopolistic competitors can be very difficult for analysis because they usually make different steps according to the steps of their competitors. Since there are very few competitors in the market, it is very important for oligopolists to bring their actions in accordance with the actions of the competitors. Oligopolists also often sign various agreements with one another in order to control the market. For example, I often see that when T-Mobile introduces new offers, Verizon follows this company with very similar offers. Since I am a consumer, the knowledge of microeconomics can greatly help me to take a choice in different type of the market. Another concept of microeconomics which I am destined to face is externalities. I often read in newspapers how government does its best to take care of various kinds of externalities. I know many plants which pollute water and atmosphere, and in my opinion, it is very good that government makes such companies pay higher taxes or install purifying systems in order to eliminate the impact of its pollution. In conclusion, it is necessary to say that microeconomics is one of the disciplines the concepts of which can be seen everywhere. The knowledge of these concepts helps me to make smarter choices in life and understand different phenomena better. All of the consumer decisions are being made on the micro level, and that is why it is very important for every person to have a deep knowledge of microeconomic concepts. Bibliography. Baumol, William J., John Panzar, and Robert Willig. Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1982. Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue. Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies. Eleventh Edition. 1996. Curwen Peter, Else Peter. Principles of Microeconomics. Unwin Hyman. 1990. Cullis, J. G. and Jones, P. R. Microeconomics and the public economy: a defence of Leviathan Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1987. How to cite Microeconomics in my Life, Essay examples

Saturday, April 25, 2020

The British Security Coordination and Canadian Involvement in Clandestine Activities Essay Example

The British Security Coordination and Canadian Involvement in Clandestine Activities Essay In times of tribulation people come together to do what they can and what they must to survive. Some people go so far beyond the call of duty and normal responsibilities that everyone who comes after them are forever in debt to their courage and selflessness. Never has so much been owed by so many, to so few. Churchills famous words still ring true to this very day but people often fail to realize exactly how much people sacrificed and risked for them. Some of the most astounding stories from World War II have not been heard by many simply because of the nature and delicacy of those stories. Intelligence during the second Great War played a very integral part in the allied victory, however, the very nature of the work the intelligence community did ensures that to this day many documents are still highly classified.In the past 30 years many more books have been written, with varied accuracy about Canadian participation in the British Security Coordination, Special Operations Executiv e and MI9. Through accounts of Canadians behind enemy lines and looking at the importance of William Stephenson and Camp X or STS-103, looking at Canadian involvement in the covert aspects of World War Two will show that they were not only crucial to the cooperation and communication between Allied forces, but also in the resistance in occupied Europe and helping soldiers escape from behind enemy lines.Covert operations was a young business at the beginning of World War Two, but quickly grew up becoming the foundation of most intelligence agencies in the modern age including the Central Intelligence Agency which is a direct descendant of the Office of Strategic Services (O.S.S.). One of the first such organizations to come into existence with relation to World War 2 was the Special Operations Executive or S.O.E. Created in 1940 from Section D of M.I.6, M.I.(R) of the War Office, and a small section of the Foreign Office, S.O.E had a very specialized objective to fulfill:Its mandate was to encourage resistance in enemy-occupied Europe and Asia by sending agents to help organize and train local volunteers in sabotage, industrial demolition, ambush, disruption of communications and, in a few cases, to engage in the collection of specific intelligence.1S.O.E. would go on to drop agents behind enemy lines virtually all over the world to help recruit and train resistance to, as Churchill stated, set Europe ablaze. With the possibility of a ground force being landed in Western Europe to open up a second front growing slimmer into 1940, the British government decided that something had to be done to disrupt German efforts. While virtually expelled from Europe (except Gibraltar) the British took what steps it could, including a blockade of continental Europe, and a limited bombing effort, though at this point bombers were still in short supply. The S.O.E. gave Britain an effective way to help the enemies of Germany behind enemy lines while furthering there own agenda. From its rocky beginnings through until 1946 when it was disbanded the S.O.E. in 71 months fielded more than nine thousand agents and operated everywhere from China, Africa, South America, the Middle East, and nineteen European countries.2 It was in this organization that Canadians were primarily used behind enemy lines because of the many nationalities in Canada, especially the French, and Eastern Europeans.One of the many things to come out of the S.O.E. was North Americas British Security Coordination. The B.S.C. was created out of the need for better Anglo-American cooperation, but also for a stronger presence of Allied intelligence agents in North and South America. The British Security Council was responsible for the financial and administrative tasks of many stations throughout Latin America, as well as MI5s (Britains homeland security) domain in North and South America including Newfoundland and Canada, as well as various Caribbean possessions.3 The British Security Coordina tion was crucial for the presence it had in North and South America, the valuable advice it gave to the burgeoning American intelligence agency the Office of Strategic Services, and for the direct link it gave between the American government and the British government. The B.S.C. and its American interests was run by William Stephenson, or a man better known as Intrepid.William Stephenson, born in Winnipeg in 1896 and adopted by Icelandic immigrants he would become a major mover and shaker during World War Two. Stephenson joined up during World War One and went to fight in France sometime in mid-July and was sent home a week later after being wounded and gassed. While wounded though he took courses in the theory of flight, internal combustion, and communications and navigation and ended up back in the war as a fighter pilot. Stephenson was eventually awarded the Military Cross in April 1918 and the Distinguished Flying Cross in August 1918 for reportedly shooting down eighteen enemy craft and two kite balloons.4 After the war Stephenson went back to Winnipeg where he became an unsuccessful entrepreneur and opened a hardware store but quickly closed it when in 1922 he filed for bankruptcy.Stephenson left rather quickly for England and began a successful career as a businessman and inventor, patenting things like the can opener, and wireless photography. He went on the have several contacts with powerful business men and became one himself, socializing with politicians and famous figures like H.G. Wells. Stephenson was also known to give Churchill, who was not in office at this time, accurate information on German rearmament and even said at one point We were all friends, you see, Churchill and the rest. We were a group of friends who saw the war coming.5 Stephenson was sent as Churchills personal representative to the United States to help counter German propaganda to stop American aid to the Allies and to ensure closer relations between the F.B.I. and British intelligence. One of Stephensons first achievements in America was a meeting that was arranged by Bill Donovan with the Secretary of Navy Frank Knox, the Secretary of War Henry Stimson and the Secretary of State Cordell Hull to discuss the trade of fifty over-age destroyers to the British. This was just the first of many direct involvements that Stephenson had concerning American aid and involvement with the British.With Stephenson having made contact with Roosevelt among others in the United States the business of helping construct an American intelligence agency that would operate over-seas and organizing British interests in the Western half of the world began. Stephenson set about hiring Canadians to staff the B.S.C. and work around the clock to decode and send messages crucial to the Allied cause. Stephensons influence was so great that not only did he have direct access to the heads of state, but he could virtually ignore Britains ambassador to the United States Lord Lothian, just as the British ignored Ambassador Kennedy in London.6 This direct access lead to the British able to have a central agency on neutral soil which was a collusion of four major British intelligence departments based out of New York plus a communications-intelligence web that covered virtually all directions and a secret police force on American soil. These facts alone lent to the urgent need for secrecy as any violation of Americas sovereignty, which the British Security Council surely was, would contribute nicely to the anti-war movement in the United States and help Germanys war effort. Despite these restrictions many remarkable things were achieved by Stephenson and the many men and women who worked for him. One of the more astounding stories that seems to come more out of a thrilling spy book rather than historical documents was the procurement of Vichy French Naval ciphers kept under lock and guard in the French embassy.Two of Stephensons agents known as Cynthia and Bertrand masquerading as romantic lovers bribed a night watch man to let them into the embassy for a circumspect tryst. After gaining his trust by doing this for a few nights they slipped him a sleeping powder in his champagne and brought in a locksmith to figure out the code for the safe in the code room. The next night they again went in and knowing that the security guard was probably quite suspicious about his falling asleep had Cynthia undress for the guards expected intrusion. After sufficiently embarrassing the guard and getting his assurance that they would not be bothered anymore, they opened the safe and passed out the naval ciphers to a waiting agent who copied them and brought them back to be replaced in the safe.The Vichy French naval ciphers were successfully stolen by two daring agents and went to great use in Operation Torch and the landing in North Africa.7 Stephenson and his staff of loyal Canadians did much for the war effort far from the front in the United States and al l over Latin America. Stephenson ensured a level of cooperation between America and Britain that simply was not possible through normal diplomatic lines and in the eyes of the American public. From secretaries to code analysts the British Security Council organized the war on this side of the Atlantic and gave the Allies a major advantage through their radio operators and covert services.One of the most closely guarded secrets on Canadian soil during World War Two was a secret agent training school strategically placed on the shores of Lake Ontario. Dubbed Camp X by those that knew of its existence on this side of the ocean and STS-103 (Special Training School 103) by the British. Located on the border of Whitby and Oshawa just east of Toronto Camp X was established in 1941 by William Stephenson as a way to train agents for assignments with S.O.E. and MI9 in Axis Europe. Camp X was designed to not only train special agents, but with sophisticated radio equipment link the United Stat es with Canada. Located off of Lake Ontario which was ideal for bouncing radio signals to Europe, South America and of course between B.S.C. headquarters in New York and London, fifty kilometers from the United States across Lake Ontario and only five kilometers from Defense Industries Ltd., which was the largest ammunition manufacturing facility in North America at the time, Camp X was in a perfect position to contribute to the war in several crucial ways.One of the best aspects of Camp X was the very diverse population within its reach. The B.S.C. had within its reach large populations of French Canadians, Yugoslavs, Italians, Hungarians, Romanians, Chinese and Japanese from which to select as potentials for S.O.E. training. For the British is was simply easier to send a few instructors to Canada then to send several hundred potential recruits to Britain just to discover they did not have what it takes to operate behind enemy lines. Camp X was essentially a recruiting and culling school for potential recruits for the S.O.E., training them in aspects of silent killing, revolutionary work, sabotage and recruitment methods for the resistance methods.Camp X did not just train potential recruits for the S.O.E., they also trained other training officers for the United States and their newly formed O.S.S. When the Office of Strategic Service was still known as Coordinator of Intelligence (from July 1941 to June 1942) it was agreed that the C.O.I. should train its Special Operations Officers at Camp X. Many officers that went on the form the bulk of the O.S.S. were trained in the trade by British officers at Camp X. The first unit dispatched from the O.S.S. was a U.S. army major named Carl Eifler who had been trained at Camp X along with his key subordinates. Carl Eifler and his men were sent to India and later given the chance to operate in China proving themselves to be more than capable of handling their assignments.8The agents that were trained in Camp X and dro pped behind enemy line were certainly as effective as their American counterparts, if not more so. It has been the consensus of many historians that the superior efforts of the expert training and support staff of Camp X may have reduced the duration of the war by six months to a year and saved hundreds of thousands of lives.9 This may seem like a bold statement, but the French Canadians who were dropped into German occupied France were responsible for blowing up bridges and disrupting railway tracks, delaying the Germans by at least three weeks from reaching Normandy after D-day. In the course of roughly a year and three months from January 1942 until March 1943,Camp X had over 273 men and women trained who would go on to work in the S.O.E. both in the field and as training officers, O.S.S. officers and agents, security officers in South America, among various other things.10 It is estimated that another one hundred and fifty agents were trained between March of 1943 and April of 1 944. A number of these agents were trained in the use of HAM radios, and were responsible for much of the information gathered for the Allies. Stationed all over South America these men and women were given the task of monitoring radio communications of the enemy which was much heavier than most would think in South America.The other part to Camp X that was crucial to the war effort was the massive radio housed there code named Hydra. This radio station was putting through high priority messages straight through to heads of state including Roosevelt and Churchill. The camp also had direct lines to New York, Ottawa and Washington, and their lines had an even higher priority than the Prime Ministers office.11 Hydra was responsible for the secure communication available between the British and Americans, and was the hub that most major communications between the two Allies went through. Though Camp X was one of dozens of special agent training camps that the British had throughout the world it was undoubtedly the most important for several reasons. The men that Camp X trained were often the most successful behind enemy and there are dozens accounts of these brave people and there stories, it was an invaluable tool in the training of intelligence officers for the American O.S.S., and it was the base for the largest radio installation in North America, and a direct communication link between the British and the Americans.Through the efforts of individuals like William Stephenson and the hundreds of Canadians who voluntarily dropped behind enemy lines in the fight against the Germans, and the men and women that were organized to monitor German radio as well as pass information between the Allies, Canadians played a large role in the covert aspect of World War Two. While many Canadians do not recognize this fact, it is not because they do not want to, it is because they do not know. Many Canadians made the ultimate sacrifice for the good of others, while many more ga ve their utmost dedication and attention to the war that was raging so far away.The collusion between American and British interests that Stephenson managed so skillfully, despite all the restrictions placed on him helped ensure British survival during the darkest days of the war, and eventual entry into the war by the United States. From Canadian radio operators to Canadians organizing resistance they were involved in all levels of the covert aspect of World War Two.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Several Research Questions On The Causes Of WWI

Several Research Questions On The Causes Of WWI World War One Account for the feelings of hostility towards the Austria-hungry Empire by Serb nationalists in 1914: Austria was what stood in the way of progress of the Serbian nation. Serbia was a direct threat to the survival of the multinational Austrian Empire and for that reason Austria felt it necessary to thwart Serbia's plans for growth and development. The Serbs desired more land, especially a coastline with an all important sea port, Austria denied them this by, in the peace treaty of 1912, creating a new country between Serbia and the coast, Albania. Austria also had Imperial control over several Slavic states, to which she denied national self-determination. The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria in 1908, and the subsequent threat of war by the Empire had also been a major factor in creating the hostility between the two sides.Assess the extent to which Germany provoked the war of 1914: The Actions and policies of Germany before 1914 were largely provocative towards the other powers of Europe and thus a major factor in the build-up to war.britain - bretagneWith the Accent of a new Kaiser, Kaiser William II to the throne and the retirement of Chancellor Bismarck Germany embarked on a series of aggressive reforms and developments to her foreign policies. Kaiser Bill himself was threatening to the other leaders. His proud, militarist and power-hungry features, caused him to be viewed in a questionable light and the policies he instigated for Germany caused the same reaction. Central to the foreign policies of Germany was Weltpolitik (world policy), which involved the move from a continental power to a world power through colonial and naval expansion.Chancellor Bismarck had prevented Germany from threatening the other Empires by her foreign policies but it wasn't long before Germany's determination for a...

Sunday, March 1, 2020

Analytical Essays

Analytical Essays Analytical Essays Analytical Essays Writing analytical essays, your task is not to describe something but rather to analyze something.   For example, if your analytical essay is devoted to a prominent person, you should choose one aspect of his life and try to analyze it.   In particular, you may discuss how the childhood environment has shaped the moral development of that person.   The topics and approaching to uncovering them are diverse.   If you need help with writing your analytical essays, you have a perfect opportunity to get it here, at our site, .com.   Our professional writers will not let you down.   We do not decline complicated assignments and we are never late with the paper delivery. In addition, our writing guide contains numerous sample essays. Analytical Essays Sample The arrangement between the two women had an obvious social function. Seventeenth-century France was not a caste society. While there were pronounced gaps between social groups, in the daily routines of life people of different classes were constantly associating. This association was found even in the court where Louis XIII grew up: Haroard's Journal makes clear that the dauphin lived amid crowds of peasants and artisans, entertainers and beggars. Such instances are characteristic of that "sociability" - the mixing of ages and classes, and their "coexistence ... in a single space - which Ari's found to be so typical of premodern society. The fact that the children of the rich were nursed by poorer women is only one among many signs of the free association of people who differed greatly in status. However, if we look carefully at such situations, I think we find that they work to differentiate the participants one from another even as they give the appearance of bringing them closer together. Ostensibly a sign of familiar association, the nursing arrangement in fact powerfully emphasized class differences. The upper-class mother was provided with a conspicuous sign of her superiority in that she was free of a degrading occupation which other, poorer women had to perform. The nurse, on the other hand, was presented with an economic problem; or rather the difficulties of sustenance in her life were aggravated by the coming of another mouth to feed. The idea of respect for her masters and of her own lack of worth was underlined in that the nurse had to set aside her own infant and to devote her primary attentions to the intruding child in order to be acquitted of her part in the bargain. As a domesticated animal, she was alienated from her own motherhood. In spite of its air of i ntimacy, I think it clear that the overall effect of the transaction was a sharpened sense of the distance between the two women and between the social groups they represented. Hiring a nurse was part of a particular style of life. It helped to define the status of the participating mothers and of the families to which they belonged. At the same time, I think that this socially oriented analysis still leaves unexplored some facets of the problem. After all, our understanding of the reasons nurses were employed comes almost entirely from the medical literature in favor of maternal breastfeeding. Analytical Essays Custom Writing The first and the most important rule of analytical essays writing is - your analytical essay must be free of plagiarism. You cannot simply copy/paste information found online.   Your task is to provide an analysis of that information.   If you are not sure in your writing skills, you may order analytical essay writing service at our site.   There are no risks!   We guarantee confidentiality and we do not resell delivered papers. We are honest with our clients and we strive not to be late with analytical essays delivery.

Friday, February 14, 2020

Computer Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Computer Security - Essay Example To understand the corporate motivations of the creative industry players to invest fully into DRM we must look at the implications of these technical protective measures. With the growing and wide spread advent of new digital video recording, distribution technologies, and the widespread availability of internet piracy measures of technology having a direct impact on the distribution channels and sales of these industries the critical concern faced by these corporations is the fact that they cannot compete with freely available copies of their content. The movie studios are particularly effected as competing with free is concerning for them mainly because their content is more prone to single use consumption than the other industries such as music. A range of industry wide efforts have been undertaken that have build up to the adoption of DRM. Such as Serial Management System for digital audio tape that was authorized by the Congress which aimed to make difficult the task of making f aithful copies of copies; a measure that was made obsolete after the proliferation of other digital mediums.

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Gender Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender Sexuality - Essay Example This is interesting because it reverses the more common poetic tradition of male poets writing about female beauty from a male perspective. The history of Western love poetry goes back to the Middle Ages, and the tales of courtly knights who admired fair ladies. The lady was idealized in poetry, but in society men had a very much stronger position. Love poetry was therefore artificial, with very little reference to actual sex. In modern times there are more women poets, mainly because access to education, and to publishing facilities, are much more available to women. The two poems mentioned here are examples of a challenge to masculine literary tradition. They suggest there might be a different world order where women can take the initiative and use their power of writing to objectify and idealize men, according to a new set of gender rules which are much more equal. Ackerman’s poem shows how a meeting between a man and a woman can take place under water, using breathing apparatus. The first section shows how the underwater world is different from the everyday world on land. The fact that the man â€Å"had to ask twice† before the woman could interpret his gesture of love, suggests that the new environment requires a new type of body language, and a more subtle way of initiating sex. In fact as the poem progresses, the underwater location provides a whole new set of images and connotations. It is very noticeable that the the male partner is described with in terms of an octopus, sand, sea, kelp, shells etc. His hands are described as being â€Å"like tawny starfish†. These are not powerful images. The woman seems to be a part of the whole ocean, while the man is little more than a collection of timid creatures who want to be near her. It is clear that the woman feels at home in the underwater world, and the only disturbing moment in the scene occurs in the lines â€Å"drawing her close as a pirate vessel to let her board: who was this she loved?† (AFPP, lines 47-50). This reference to the pirate ship suggests that the man is an element of danger, but the thought is dismissed and the scene carries on. An important element in the scenery is the way that the underwater world is compared to a very feminine space: â€Å"an opium den† (AFPP, line 6) or â€Å"blue boudoir† (AFPP, line 90), complete with decor that is â€Å"pillow soft† (AFPP, line 91) with â€Å"quilted mosaics† (AFPP, line 100) and â€Å"twitching spangles† (AFPP, line 102). The ocean caresses the woman and the suggestion is that when a woman makes love, she returns to a previous evolutionary state, in which she is at one with the beautiful surroundings. The man is the pirate, who invades this matriarchal world, and she remembers him fondly, but she eats up the memory like a peach, showing that ultimately it was the union with the ocean that inspired her, and the man was just a small part of that whole experience. The poem by Joan Murray also writes about memories, but this time they are the collective memories of women who have been watching young men playing softball. For centuries men have been discussing women’s bodies, and evaluating them, for their own amusement. In this poem the tables are

Friday, January 24, 2020

Essay --

The purpose that this paper serves is to analyze and incorporate the conclusions of four articles and examine the link between extracurricular activities and self-esteem in adolescents. The article is broken into four separate sections. First, the definitions of both the independent variable and the dependent variable will be identified and the hypothesis will be stated. Next, the findings from the four articles will be thoroughly summarized. Third, the findings from the articles will be incorporated into the paper with potential sources for the results. Lastly, the strengths, limitations, and recommendations for possible research in the future of each article will be offered. Following the paper I will present my personal reflection of the research and transcription of this paper. The independent variable is the involvement in extracurricular activities and the dependent variable is the self-perception. Kort-Butler, and Hagewen (2010) examined the relationship between the involvement in extracurricular activities of adolescents and self-esteem in early adulthood. The study included 3 times with roughly 1-2 years between times 1 and 2, and 5-6 years between times 2 and 3 each. After all three trials the sample consisted of 5,399 individuals (47.8% male). During the first time period the mean age was 15.47 years old, while the age during the final time was roughly 26 years old. With 5,399 individuals with 3 visits each, there were a total of 16,197 visits. They studied the effects of linear age on self-esteem. This was assessed by the response of each individual to 4 questions. The same 4 questions were given at each of the three time periods. School-based extracurricular involvement was assessed by a questionnaire during t... ... events or extracurricular activities that are being assessed. I learned a great deal about research and writing during this paper. Being thorough in your research is key. Researchers use many different titles for the same topic and you may not find an article that would be perfect for your paper if you don’t type in all of the different potential key words. I also learned a lot about gender differences with regard to the topic. Boys and girls have very different views about what factors contribute to their self-perception. Lastly, the results sections in these articles were quite confusing and could easily be misread. It is important to carefully read and reread each section. These articles taught me that it is important that adolescent children are involved in sports or extracurricular activities in order to provide them with a better perception of themself.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Graduate Employability Essay

When we say Graduate Employability, the first thought that comes to mind is the definition of employability. Various definitions have been written, and rewritten. They are all correct, but not quite complete. Reason being, the perspectives on employability are dynamic, while the norms in education run according to the knowledge curriculum, which may also be dynamic in most cases, but runs on a pre set pattern- one cannot jump the queue. Often, there has been a gap between discipline based skills acquired during higher education, and generic skills which are increasingly regarded as an essential input for employability. This gives rise to this perennial debate about graduate employability and reveals issues in higher education. As David Hind and Stewart Moss (in their book, Employability Skills, published in early 2005) seem to suggest. – written, verbal, communication, presentation skills etc enhance the employability of an individual or graduate looking for a job. Having skills and putting them to work is the starting point of employability- by how much an individual succeeds in this effort determines his level of achievement. Employability is an ongoing process- and it does not begin or end with a graduate getting his first job. Britain has been in the forefront of this ongoing debate. While skills and knowledge have been the twin constituents of employability always, it remains to be decided which one is the critical attribute and what is the optimum mix. Professor Mantz Yorke takes the view that employability is complex and goes well beyond the notion of key skills- it takes into account a mix of personal qualities and beliefs, understandings, skilful practices and the ability to reflect productively on experience (Learning and Employability Series, the study on â€Å"Employability in Higher Education- what is and what is not†) Then we come to the issues in higher education impacting graduate employability. Higher Education Funding Council for England conducted a study on graduate employability way back in 2003 and found that work experience during courses appears to be a highly positive influence on employability. The reason is simple- while on the job, the student gets an opportunity to use his academic knowledge in realtime scenario- that too under close supervision and tutorial guidance. The ownership is high because the results are linked to the students performance. The intrapersonal skill sets are fine tuned and behavioural skills are further honed to provide the student with tools to accomplish a given task or project. When later, as a graduate he or she looks for employment , there is far more clarity on the demands of the job and his/her ability to match up- so wrong decisions are averted. It results in well matched expectations from both sides- the employer and the employee. Competencies being different for different job roles, it just gets that much much simpler to know what one is good at, and what one should be looking for. Another point highlighted in the study by HEFCE says that employer involvement in course design and delivery is positively associated with the quality of initial employment found by graduates. This way, the employers expectations are stated explicitly, and the curriculum tweaked to accommodate the expectations. Sufficient to say, that while there is already a whole lot being done at the graduation level, to turn out complete, capable and well balanced individuals, more can be done to enhance employability. The times are changing, so are the needs and expectations of students and Corporates. The efficacy of a sound education system gets established if the alumni are successful in their calling. This focussed group discussion is meant to establish the relationship between schooling and education. As Mark Twain said, so long ago- â€Å"don’t let your schooling interfere with your education†. We are all familiar with Robin Hood!

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Implications in Supermarkets Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2476 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction In hypercompetitive industries (DAveni 2010) such as characterised by the present UK supermarket retail sector where competitive rules are changing fast with disruptive business models from new entrants like Aldi and Lidl (Savage 2014) continuing to pressure the market share of hitherto brand leaders like Tesco and Asda; brand differentiation can be an effective tool to counter the effects of resulting downward pressure on prices and profits (Kumar 2006; Matzler et al 2009). Understanding the expectations of the customer with respect to the brand is an important factor in the innovative process. This paper will analyse the dynamics that define customer based brand equity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Implications in Supermarkets Example For Free" essay for you Create order The strategic elements involved in creating brand equity along with its inter-relationship with competitive advantage will be discussed. The implications and relevance of strong branding and customer based brand equity will be reviewed pertaining to the present UK supermarket business environment. A firms competitive advantage and the extent to which it differentiates its presence in the marketplace depend on how well it consistently fulfils the expectations of its targeted customers. It is emphasised that in achieving this consistently through a combination of visible and invisible processes, it is able to intuitively develop a distinct identity within its sector, an imprint or branding on its products or services (Kapferer 2008). The Meaning of Branding The American Marketing Association (AMA) defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or a combination of them that is designed to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. Within industry however, it is common to define branding as injecting products and services with distinct attributes representing an organisation, creating specific awareness and identity in the marketplace (Keller 2002). Hence it can be concluded that specific advantages, attributes, ideals and benefits are associated with a brand other than its name and labelling that allow the product to stand out and be distinguished when compared to a competitor (Kapferer 2008). In other words, branding comes from within, transcending superficial identifications. Numerous studies have shown that the strength of a brand, nurtured through accumulation of innovations over time to exert influence on the perceptions of customers, their level of satis faction and expectations also result in economic advantages (Aaker 1996; Keller 2002). The financial value as a result of these economic advantages is referred to as brand equity. Brand Equity It can be inferred that an effective and strong brand will be reflected in a sustainable, loyal customer base whose collection of tangible and intangible experiences with the brand determines how the brand performs in the future (Aaker 1996; Keller 2002). According to Kapferer (2008), performance of the brand and its equity is reflected at three major levels: Assets which encompass signs, imagery, name, identity and reputations. Strength, consisting of its market share and position, degree of loyalty, growth rate and pricing advantage. Value, reflecting financial advantages including marketing costs. Aaker (1996) contends that the advantages (or disadvantages) provided by a brand to its firm is embodied in five main categories: Brand Loyalty Brand Awareness Perceived Quality Brand Associations Other Proprietary Assets Aaker (1996) developed a brand equity model which is based on the above assets explaining how the various categories interplay to add (or remove) value to a firm and seeks to connect this to future performance of the brand. A schematic view of the model is shown below: Figure 1: Illustration of Aakers Brand Equity Model Source: Aaker 1996, P.9 In considering brand equity mainly from the consumer behaviour viewpoint, Keller (2002) defines customer based brand equity as consisting of the differential effect that the knowledge of and familiarity with a brand has on the behaviour of consumers to the marketing of the brand. The customer based brand equity (CBBE) model developed by Keller (2002) with respect to this definition will be examined in closer detail in the following section. Customer Based Brand Equity Within this model, a brand is considered to have positive customer based brand equity when consumer reaction to the marketing of a product is more favourable when that specific brand is mentioned as opposed to an unnamed or generic version of the product. To achieve this, the consumer has to be knowledgeable about the brand showing a high degree of awareness and familiarity along with corresponding strong and unique brand associations in memory (Keller 2002). To build a strong brand, Keller argues the importance of a number of sequential activities over time involving the development of a brand identity, defining brand meaning in the mind of consumers, repeatedly and consistently generating correct brand responses and ensuring a strong relationship with customers resulting in long term bonding and brand loyalty. These four stages according to Kellers (2001) CBBE model is based on a brand establishing six core values forming the basis of a brand resonance pyramid or a customer based brand equity pyramid. The six core values consist of brand salience, brand performance, brand imagery, consumer judgements, consumer feelings and consumer brand resonance. The six core values along with the elements of the four stages and four questions customers ask of brands as shown in figure 2 will be examined in greater detail. Figure 2: Customer Based Brand Equity Pyramid Source: Keller 2001, p.7 Brand Salience is connected to the awareness of the brand and how well it stands out in its category. This is the cornerstone for building brand equity. It addresses the basic customer question of Who are you?, the first step in engaging with the product. Breadth and depth of awareness influence how clearly the brand distinguishes itself within its category and that it will be one of the considered options for purchase and usage in terms of consumption. In situations where customers have little information about a product category or do not have much purchase interest, salience becomes the major criteria for the choice made (Keller 2001). Brand performance is an essential component of brand meaning since the features of the product itself are at the centre of creating brand equity. It is the performance of the product that the consumer directly experiences. Brand loyalty and resonance requires that the product meets with or preferably exceeds expectations. Key attributes of performance include reliability, serviceability, durability, price, style and design (Keller 2001). Crucial to brand performance is the level of service effectiveness, empathy and efficiency associated with the product. This defines how well customer services associated with the brand satisfies the customer including the speed and manner in which it is delivered in addition to care and consideration for the customer. Brand imagery represents an intangible component of brand meaning where the psychological perceptions of how the product meets customers needs in the minds of the consumer are considered. It is reflected in four major categories (Keller 2001): User profiles which connotes demographic groups or types of persons who would use the brand. In some cases this may be actual users or aspirational users. Furthermore, it may be thought that the brand is favoured by a large group of people and thus popular. Purchase and Usage situation including channels of distributions such as department stores, exclusive stores, context of use, location or where the brand is used and time of use, for example valentine day. Personality and values traits similar to that of people. This could be sincerity, cheerfulness, ruggedness, excitement or sophistication to name a few. History, heritage and experiences are also part of the abstract imagery associated with a brand. It could be that the brand is associated with family events, certain occasions in history or personal experiences. Brand judgments represent how the brand is evaluated by an individual with regard to their personal opinion and thus responses to the brand. Four considerations are important towards building a strong brand from the judgment stand point: Brand quality which represents the brands value and level of satisfaction. Brand credibility defining the extent to which the brand as a whole is liked and trusted by the customer as well as the degree to which the brand is seen as capable, innovative or a leader. Brand consideration explains the relevance of a brand to the customer. Brand superiority is a reflection of how unique the customer finds the brand in comparison to others. This is where brand differentiation and advantages is evaluated. Superiority is considered crucial in building loyalty and intense relationships. Consumer feelings describe the emotions evoked by the brand or its associated marketing activities. This is a strong component of customer responses to the brand and can be positive, negative, intense, mild or enduring. Six types important in brand building are warmth, fun, excitement, security, social approval and self-respect. Consumer brand resonance is the final step in the model and dwells on how well the relationship between the brand and the consumer works. The level of relationship intensity and understanding between consumer and brand is important in building strong loyalty and the activities associated with this such as pride in brand, associated clubs, frequent and repeat purchases, events, and seeking out information about brand. Four dimensions that have been identified in brand resonance are behavioural loyalty, attitudinal attachment, sense of community and active engagement. Relationship between CBBE and the UK supermarket business environment The UK supermarket marketplace consists of four major players, known as the big four; Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrisons (Dahlen et al 2010; Savage 2014). Other notable participants within the sector include Co-op, Waitrose, Aldi, Lidl and Iceland. Within the sector, different positioning strategies are employed to gain market share. Tesco is positioned based on convenience and affordability while Asda and Morrisons focus on these attributes but at lower prices in comparison (TNS Global 2012). Sainsbury and Aldi were identified as serving two different groups in the marketplace where Aldi focuses on price-positioning, Sainsbury focuses on quality positioning (Dahlen et al 2010). Waitrose is positioned more upmarket than Sainsbury while Lidl competes with Aldi within the downmarket sector. Aldi and Lidl, recognised for their strong price-positioned brands are increasingly taking market share from the big four with the market leader, Tesco suffering the most (Savage 2014). The s upermarket sector faces a state of change and reorganisation as the affected firms look for solutions to eroding market share. However, it appears that brands such as Waitrose and Asda have fared reasonably well so far as shown in figure 3. Figure 3: Supermarket Sales Growth 2013/2014 (%) Source: Savage, 2014 This brief seeks to examine what factors influence customer loyalty and the intensity of brand relationship and how this may have played in the ability of different supermarkets to hold on to market share in the advent of intense competition. Research carried out by TNS Global in 2012 found that Waitrose was identified as being able to gain market share if it was to reduce prices while Tesco, Asda and Morrisons, though viewed favourably by most of the respondents were associated with feelings of ambivalence by consumers (TNS Global 2012). While the effects of loss aversion are in play here where customers see the opportunity to acquire otherwise high quality pro ducts at low prices (Hardie et al 1993; Putler D.S. 1992) it can also be argued, based on our knowledge of CBBE that Waitrose is able to draw on its brand equity to defend its market share. One of the ways a firm can draw on its brand equity to counter low price competition is in the creation of a middle brand drawing market share from the low cost rival (Jara and Cliquet 2008; Heath and Chatterjee 1995). Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrisons are the hardest hit firms based on figure 3. This could be explained in part by the fact that while Sainsbury seeks to position as an upmarket quality brand, there are elements of sameness between the three brands. Also in play is the dynamic that the three supermarkets are positioned in the middle of the market where the market share added to the downmarket sector is most likely to come from (Jara and Cliquet 2008; Heath and Chatterjee 1995). In the case of Asda, it has developed some recognition over time as a low priced option despite being simi lar in positioning to the other three. It would appear that this perception provides it a buffer to some extent from competitive attacks based on low-price positioning (Bronnenberg and Wathieu 1996; Kumar 2006) Conclusion In this study, it was sought to understand the various elements of customer based brand equity and to analyse how the concept relates to ongoing market share changes and reorganisation in the UK supermarket environment. The scope of this brief makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the exact effects of CBBE on customer loyalties with respect to the supermarkets, however it is surmised that it does exert an important level of effect. It will be useful to investigate this further through empirical studies to gain better insights and understanding of the concept with respect to the supermarket environment. Reference List Aaker, D.A. (1996). Building Strong Brands. New York: The Free Press Bronnenberg, B.J.A.M., Wathieu, L. (1996). Asymmetric promotion effects and brand positioning. Marketing Science, Volume 15, No.4, pp. 379-394. Dahlen, M., Lange, F., Smith T. (2010). Marketing Communications: A Brand Narrative Approach. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons DAveni, R.A. (2010). Hypercompetition. New York: Simon and Schuster Hardie, B.G.S., Johnson, E.J., Fader, P.S. (1993). Modelling Loss Aversion and Reference Dependence Effects on Brand Choice. Marketing Science, Volume 12, No.4, pp. 378-394. Heath, T. B., Chatterjee, S. (1995). Asymmetric Decoy Effects on Lower-Quality versus Higher-Quality Brands: Meta-Analytic and Experimental Evidence. Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 22, No.3, pp. 268-284. Jara, M., Cliquet G. (2008). Retail brand equity: a conceptual and differentiated approach. European Association of Education and Research in Commercial Distribution, pp.1-30. Kapf erer, J.N. (2008). The New Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term. London: Kogan Page Keller, K.L. (2001). Building Customer Based Brand Equity. Massachusetts, USA: Marketing Science Institute Keller, K.L. (2002). Branding and Brand Equity. Massachusetts, USA: Relevant Knowledge Series, Marketing Science Institute Kumar, N. (2006). Strategies to Fight Low Cost Rivals. Boston, USA: Harvard Business Press Matzler, K., Bailom, F., Anschober, M., Richardson, S. (2009). Hypercompetition, customer-value competition, and the new role of market research. Innovative Marketing, Volume 5, No.2, pp 6-10 Putler, D.S. (1992). Incorporating Reference Price Effects into a Theory of Consumer Choice. Marketing Science, Volume 11, No.3, pp. 287-309. Savage, R. (2014). Tesco sales keep rotting as Waitrose nabs record market share. Management Today [Online] Available from: https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/news/1318059/tesco-sales-keep-rotting-waitro se-nabs-record-market-share/ TNS Global. (2012). ÂÂ £7.1bn of grocery spend up for grabs if Waitrose can convert Shallow Shoppers [Online] Available from : https://www.tnsglobal.com/press-release/%C2%A371bn-grocery-spend-grabs-if-waitrose-can-convert-%E2%80%98shallow-shoppers%E2%80%99 Bibliography Kirenz, J. (2010). Linking Consumer Mindset Metrics to Consumer Behavior and Capital Market Valuation. Gmbh: Josef Eul Verlag Kumar, N. (2007). Private Label Strategy: How to Meet the Store Brand Challenge. Boston, USA: Harvard Business Press Lambin, J.J. (2008). Changing Market Relationships in the Internet Age. Leuven, Belgium: Presses univ. de Louvain Rao, A.R., Bergen, M.E., Davis, S. (2000). How to Fight a Price War. Harvard Business Review, March-April 2000 Issue.